Climate

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Climate
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Climate is the year round weatherin an area

• Climactic variables
• First and last frost dates
• Average winter and summer temperatures
• Precipitation and when it occurs
• Snow depth
• Wind and storm patterns
• Lake effect
• Hours of sun vs. cloud cover

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Macroclimate

• describes the climate over a large area such as
  the north central US
• Largely determined by latitude
• Temperature
• Department of Agriculture Zone Map
• Growing zones described by winter temps and
  growing season
• Heat Zone Map

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Hardiness Zones
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Zone changes in 16 years
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• Excessively high temps can cause the plant to
  stop growing. This varies between species but
  generally occurs by 96F.
• 539cal/gm to turn water to water vapor. Leaves
  have evaporative cooling (evapotranspiration)
• In Duluth, we have Lake Superior!

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Microclimate

• describes the climate in your yard or garden
• Slope
• Buildings

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HOW TO PREVENT COLD DAMAGE

• Hardening off (spring) get greenhouse grown
  plants used to the outdoor temps gradually.
• 80Cal/gm are given up to change 1 gm water to ice
  , so you can use water as frost protection
• covering
• Season extenders (fall), plant covers , mulches,
  leaves, leaf bags, straw etc
• Put plants in the ground at the right time ( soil
  temp) cool season vs. warm season plants