The Coming of War

1
The Coming of War

• Chapter 16 Vocabulary

2
Totalitarianism

• Theory of government in which a single party or
  leader controls the economic, social, and
  cultural lives of its people.
• (see chart on p 517)

3
Benito Mussolini

• Founder of Italian fascism
• Once appointed the premier of Italy, he worked to
  destroy democracy and created a dictatorship.

4
Fascism

• Aggressive nationalism
• Believed that the nation was more important than
  the individual.
• Individualism weakens a nation, and a strong
  government led by a dictator was needed for a
  strong, orderly society.

5
Joseph Stalin

• Dictator of the USSR, beginning in 1926.
• Cruel, Ruthless, and tyrannical
• At least 10 million people were killed under
  Stalins rule.

6
Adolf Hitler

• Anti-communist and Mussolini supporter
• Leader of the Nazi (Nationalist-Socialist) Party
  (anti communist, nationalistic)
• Argued that Germans were part of a superior race
  and that Germany needed more lebensraum (living
  space).
• Took power in Germany in 1933.

7
Spanish Civil War

• Civil war between the government and fascists led
  by Francisco Franco.
• Germany and Italy supported Franco in his bid to
  take over Spain.

8
Appeasement

• The policies of giving concessions in exchange
  for peace.

9
Blitzkrieg

• lightning war
• Used large numbers of massed tanks to break
  through and rapidly encircle enemy positions.
• Supporting the tanks were waves of aircraft that
  bombed enemy positions and dropped paratroopers
  to cut their supply lines.

10
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

• Promise between Germany and the USSR not to
  declare war against each other.
• Also, promised to attack Poland and split it up.

11
Axis Powers

• Germany, Italy, and Japan

12
Allies

• Britain
• France
• USSR (eventually)
• US (eventually)
• China

13
Nye Committee

• Investigated US entry into WW1, and created the
  impression that economic profit led Americas
  entry into the war.
• Part II Turned American towards isolationism.
• Part III On your own

14
Neutrality Acts

• Made it illegal to sell weapons to any nation at
  war.
• Didnt distinguish between aggressors and victims.

15
Cash and Carry Provision

• Amended previous Neutrality Acts by stating that
  the US could sell weapons to warring nations if
  they paid cash and carried the arms on their own
  ships.

16
Tripartite Pact

• Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan,
  signed in September, 1940

17
Lend-Lease Act

• Removed the cash requirement from the cash and
  carry provision
• Made it possible for the US to lend or lease arms
  to any country vital to the defense of the
  United States.

18
Winston Churchill

• Replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister of
  Great Britain.

19
Atlantic Charter

• Committed FDR and Churchill to a post war world
  of democracy, non-aggression, free trade,
  economic advancement, and freedom of the seas.

20
Hideki Tojo

• Prime Minister of Japan who was focused on
  Japanese expansion.
• Originally sought to keep the US neutral, but
  later planned the attack on Pearl Harbor.

21
Pearl Harbor

• US Naval base in Hawaii and site of the 1941
  Japanese attack.

22
Douglas MacArthur

• Commander of US Army forces in Asia
• When the Japanese took the Philippines, MacArthur
  evacuated to Australia, but pledged to return.

23
Bataan Death March

• Forced march of Filipino and American prisoners
  up the Bataan Peninsula.
• More than 7000 prisoners died.