Living Things

1
Managing Materials in the Body
Table of Contents The Respiratory System The
Excretory System
2
Resources

• Pearson online activity
• Excretory/Urinary System
• Respiratory System
• Asthma

3
What is the Role of the Respiratory System? Pg.
472

• Your respiratory system moves air containing
  oxygen into your lungs and removes carbon dioxide
  and water from your body.
• Your lungs and the structures that lead to them
  make up your respiratory system.
• The oxygen is used by body cells during cellular
  respiration, in which the chemical energy in
  glucose is released.

4
The Respiratory System Fig. 1 pg 473
Systems Working Together Describe how each
system provides cells with materials needed for
cellular respiration. Then tell how cellular
respiration helps the body maintain
homeostasis.
5
Breathing Structures pg. 474

• Air, containing oxygen, enters the body through
  the nose and then passes into the pharynx, or
  throat.
• It then passes into the trachea, or windpipe,
  where tiny hairlike extensions known as cilia
  sweep mucus up to the pharynx.
• Air then moves into the bronchi, which are
  passages to the lungs, the main organs of the
  respiratory system.
• The lungs consist of alveoli, which are tiny sacs
  through which gases are exchanged with the blood.

6
Did You Know? Pg. 474

• Some particles can irritate the lining of your
  nose or throat, causing you to sneeze.
• This powerful force shoots the particles back
  into the air. The wet spray from a sneeze can
  travel up to 160 kilometers per hour and spread
  more than one meter away from the sneezer!

7
The Respiratory System fig. 3 pg.475
Structures of the Respiratory System Particles
in the air are filtered out as the air moves
through the respiratory system. What does each
part of the respiratory system do? Assess Your
Under.
8
What Happens When You Breathe? Pg 476

• Breathing is controlled by rib muscles, as well
  as a large dome-shaped muscle called the
  diaphragm.
• When you breathe, your rib muscles and diaphragm
  work together, causing air to move into or out of
  your lungs.
• This airflow leads to the exchange of gases that
  occurs in your lungs

9
The Respiratory System fig 4 pg. 476
The Breathing Process When you inhale, air is
pulled into your lungs. When you exhale, air is
forced out. What happens to your muscles when you
breathe?
10
Speech Vocal Cords pg 477

• The air involved in breathing also makes speech
  possible.
• Two folds of connective tissue, known as vocal
  cords, stretch across the opening of the larynx,
  or voice box. The flow of air along with the
  contraction of muscles causes the vocal cords to
  vibrate, thereby producing sound.

11
Gas Exchange pg. 478-479

• After air enters the alveolus, oxygen passes
  through the wall of the alveolus and then through
  the capillary wall into the blood.
• Similarly, carbon dioxide and water pass from the
  blood into the air in the alveolus. This whole
  process is called gas exchange.
• Gas exchange is aided by the tremendous surface
  area of the many alveoli in the lungs.

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The Respiratory System Fig. 5 pg 478
Gas Exchange Gases move across the thin walls of
both alveoli and capillaries. Determine the gas
being exchanged and describe where it is coming
from and moving to. Assess your Und. Pg 479
13
The Respiratory System pg. 477
Breathing and Speaking What are the steps
involved in speaking?
14
Ch. 12.4

• Excretory System

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The Excretory System Do the Math. Pg. 481
Urine is made up of water, organic solids, and
inorganic solids. The organic solids include urea
and acids. The inorganic solids include salts and
minerals. The solids are dissolved in the water.
What is the percentage of urine that is solids?
What is the percentage of solids that is urea?
16
What is the Role of the Excretory System? Pg. 481

• Excretion is the process of removing waste.
• The excretory system collects the wastes that
  cells produce and removes them from the body.
• The system consists of
• the kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra
• One waste the body must eliminate is urea, which
  is a chemical that comes from the breakdown of
  proteins.

17
Structures that Remove Urine pg. 482

• Urea, water, and other wastes are eliminated in a
  fluid called urine.
• Urine is produced in the kidneys- which are the
  major organs of the excretory system
• Nephrons in the kidneys filter materials from the
  blood. They remove the wastes in urine and return
  any needed materials back to the blood.
• Urine then flows from the kidneys through two
  narrow tubes called ureters, which carry urine to
  a saclike organ known as the urinary bladder.
  Urine leaves the body through a small tube called
  the urethra.

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The Excretory System pg. 482
Removing Urine Urine is produced in the kidneys
and then removed from the body.
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The Excretory System Fig. 2 pg. 483
How the Kidneys Work Most of the work of the
kidneys is done in the nephrons. Assess Your
Under.
20
How Does Excretion helps to maintain homeostasis?
Pg. 484

• Excretion helps to maintain homeostasis by
  keeping the bodys internal environment stable
  and free of harmful levels of chemicals.
  The organs of excretion include
• kidneys, lungs, skin, and liver
• The kidneys filter blood. They regulate the
  amount of water in the body.
• The lungs and skin also remove wastes. The
  lungs, for example, remove carbon dioxide and
  some water.
• The skin removes some water and urea through
  perspiration.
• The liver produces urea and breaks down some
  wastes into forms that can be excreted.

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The Excretory System Fig. 3 pg. 484
What is each organs role in excretion? Pg. 485
22
The Excretory System pg. 486-487
Moving Things Along How do systems of the body
move and manage materials? Identify the main
function of the respiratory system, the excretory
system, the circulatory system and the digestive
system.