Homophily

1
Homophily

• ????????

2
"people like us"

• ???????????(homophily)??????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????(geodesic distance)?

3
"people like us"

• ?????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????

4
Homophily?????

• ?????people love those who are like themselves
• ???similarity begets friendship
• ?????????????????????????????????
• Lazarsfeld Merton??Simmel???,???homophily???????
  ??????,?????"birds of a feather flock
  together"???homophily?

5
???????????

• ???homophily????????????,?????????????????????????
  ??(demographic characteristics)?????(psychological
  characteristics)?????????

6
???????????

• ??????,?????????
• 1. ???????????????,???????????????????????????
• 2. ???????????(????)???(?????)??????,?????????????
  ??????????????????

7
???????????

• 79-80????????????,??,????????????,???????homophily
  ????,?????????????????
• ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ?
• homophily ??????????????????????????????????

8
?????

• ??????
• ??Blau???,?????????????????(random
  assortment)????homophily????Homophily?????????????
  ??????????
• ???????????????????????,???????????
• Marsden?????????????????

9
?????

• ????????????
• ????Baseline homophily
• ????????????????????????
• ????Inbreeding homophily
• ??????????????

10
???????

• Lazarsfeld Merton (1954)???????????
• ????status homophily
• ????????????????(ascribed status)???????????
• ????value homophily
• ??????????????????

11
???????

• ?????????
• ?????
• ????(sex and gender)
• ??
• ??
• ???????
• ????(network position)
• ??
• ???????????(aspiration)

12
????????

• ??????????????(???????????)???????????,???????????
  ???????
• ????????????????????????????/?????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????????????

13
????????

• ????????????????,?????????
• ?????????????????,Shrum ??????????,???????????????
  ????????????2/3????????,??????,?????????10?
• ?????????????????,??????????????????????

14
????????

• ?????????????????
• ????????????????????,??????????????????(New York,
  ???)
• ?????????(????????????)????????(??????????)???????
  ??????

15
????

• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ????????
• ?????????,???????????????????????

16
????

• Hallinan????intransitivity?????????

??
??
B
B
?????????????,??????????????
C
A
A
C
B
B
B
C
A
C
A
C
A
17
????

• Hallinan????intransitivity?????????

B
?????intransitivity????,????????????,?????????????
A
C
B
C
A
18
????

• ????????????????????????????????

??????????,?????,???????,??????
B
A
D
C
B
F
E
C
A
19
????

• ?????????????????
• Marsden????????,?????????,????????,????????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• Huckfeldt Sprague (1995)??????????????????,?????
  ????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????

20
????

• ??????????????????(confidants)?????,??????????????
  ?????????

????
??
??
21
????

• ????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????(
  ?????????????)??????????
• ????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????
  ?????????
• ?????????(?????????)?,???????,????????????????????
  ?????????????????

22
????

• ?????????????????
• ???????????
• ???????????????????,?????????????????
• Fischer?????????????????,??????????24??

23
????

• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????,????,???????????
• ????????????????(multiplex)??,???????????
• ????????????????????
• ??????????????Why?

24
????

• ??????,????????????????????????
• ???????????????,????????
• ??????????????,???????????????????????Fischer?????
  ??,?????????85????,????????2????

25
????

• ?????????????????,??,?????????,?????????????,?????
  ????????????????
• ??????????,????????????
• ????????????

26
?????????

• ????????,?????????????,????????,????????????????,?
  ???????????????????
• Laumann (1973)?????????????????????,??????,??????
  ???????????
• Write (1997)?????????,??????????,??,????,?????????
  ??

27
?????????

• ???????????????????????????????
• ?????????,????????(???,??)???????
• ???????????????,????????????????????????

28
?????????

• ???????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????(??????),????????????????
  ???????

29
???????

• Festinger (1950)??????(social comparison
  theory)???????????????????,???????????
• ???????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ??-??????,??????????????????????

30
????

• ????????????????????????????,????????????????????
• ?????????????????????,?????????????,??????????????
  ?????????,???????????????????????????????
• ??????,???????????????????????????

31
????????????

• ???????????????,??????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????,????????????????????

32
Cause of homophily?????

• Geography????
• Family ties????
• Organizational foci

33
????

• ????????????????,???????????
• ?????????????????????,??????????,?????,?????????,?
  ??????????????????(weak ties)??????????

34
????

• ??????????????,??????????????,????????????
• ????????????????

35
????

• ?????????????????????,??????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????,?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????,??????????????

36
????

• ????????????????,????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????

37
????

• ????,??????????,???,??,????
• ??????????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ????
• ??????????,?????????????????????
• ????????????,?????????????????????,??????????

38
????-??

• ?????????????????????????????
• Shrum??(1988)?????????????????,?88????????
• ????????(tracking)???????,??,????????????,????????
  ??

39
????-??

• ??????????,?????????????
• Neckerman (1996)?????????,????????????
• ??????????????????,????????????????

40
????-????

• ?????????????????????????,????????????????
• ??????????????

41
????-????

• ?????
• ??????????????,??????,??,?????????????????????,???
  ?????????????????????

42
????-????

• ???????????,?????????????
• ?????????????????,????????,????????????????,??????
  ????(co-membership)????????
• ?SES???????????,?????????,????????????????

43
????-????

• ??????,?????????????????,????????????????????
• ??????????????,??????co-membership????????????
• ????????????????????,??,??,????,????????????????

44
????-????

• ????(confiding relations)?????????,???????????????
  ?
• ??????????????????????????
• McPherson (1983)????????????????????
• ??,???,????????
• ??????????
• ?????????????,????????

45
????-????

• Caldeira Patterson (1987)??????????????????,????
  ??????????????,??,???????,????????(??)????????
• Cook (2000)???????????????????????????????

46
????-????

• ??????????????????
• Knoke (1990) ???????????????????????????????
• Beggs Hurlbert (1997)???????????????????????,???
  ?????????????????????????????????????,????????????

47
Isomorphic sources occupational, family and
informal roles???????

• ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ?????,????????????
• ??????
• ??
• ??
• ???????

48
Isomorphic sources occupational, family and
informal roles

• ?????????,??????,??,??????????,??????????????,????
  ????????????????
• ????????????
• ???????????????gossip?
• ????????????????????????

49
Isomorphic sources occupational, family and
informal roles

• ????
• ??????????????
• ??homogamy ???,?????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????

50
Cognitive processes

• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????(perceived similarity)??????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ???????,????????????????????

51
Selective tie dissolution

• ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????,????????????
• Hallinan????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ?????????????????

52
Selective tie dissolution

• McPherson????????????????????,????????????????????
  ????????,?????????,??????????????
• Burt???????????????????,??????(decay)?????,?????(b
  ankers vs. banker)????,???????????????????

53
Selective tie dissolution

• ????,???????????,?????????(liability of newness,
  embeddedness, structural supports)????

54
???????

• ??????
• ?????????????????????????????,????????????????????
  ??????
• ????
• ??????????????????????
• ????????????