PLANTS

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PLANTS
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A Seed Plant is

• A vascular plant that produces seeds
• Vascular Tissue forms a system of tiny tubes
  that transport water, food, and other minerals
  through the plant

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Xylem

• Is vascular tissue that carries water and
  minerals UPWARDS from the roots through the plant.

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Phloem

• Is vascular tissue that carries food throughout
  the plant (both UP and DOWN)

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Roots are important

• To anchor the plant in the ground
• To absorb water from the soil
• To store food for the plant

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A taproot system

• Consists of a long, thick main root and thin,
  branching roots that extend out of the taproot.
• For example, carrots and dandelions

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A fibrous root system

• Consists of several main roots that branch
  repeatedly to form a tangled mass of thin roots
• For example, grass

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Stems are important

• To provide the means by which food, water, and
  minerals are transported from the roots to the
  leaves (xylem and phloem)
• Hold leaves up to receive sunlight for
  photosynthesis

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A herbaceous stem

• Is soft and green
• Sunflowers, dandelions, grass, tomatoes, etc.

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A woody stem

• Is rigid and strong
• (contains woodcrushed xylem and phloem)
• Lilac trees, rose bushes, maple trees, etc.

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Leaves are important

• To capture the suns energy and produce food and
  oxygen through the process of photosynthesis

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A simple leaf

• Has a blade that is in one piece
• Maple leaf

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Compound leaves

• Have a blade that is divided into a number of
  separate leaf-like parts
• Palm leaves, mountain ash leaves

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Stomata

• Are microscopic openings in the epidermis of a
  leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and water
  and oxygen to exit
• Open during the day, closed at night

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Transpiration

• Is the process in which water is lost through the
  stomata in a plants leaves

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During Photosynthesis

• Green plants use sunlight, chlorophyll, water,
  and carbon dioxide to make sugar (food) and
  oxygen.

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Flowers

• Are structures that contain the reproductive
  organs

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Sepal

• Leaf-like structures that protect the developing
  flower (bud)

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Petal

• Colorful leaf-like structures that attract
  insects/animals with their colors and odors.

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Stamen

• Male reproductive organ
• Thin stalk with small knobs on top

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Filament

• Stalk-like part of the stamen

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Anther

• Knob-like part of the stamen
• Produces pollen

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Pistil

• Female reproductive organ found in the center of
  the flower

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Stigma

• Sticky tip of the pistil that collects pollen

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The stigma is sticky

• So that it can collect and retain pollen from
  itself and other flowers

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Style

• Slender tube that connects the stigma to the ovary

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Ovary

• Contains eggs, which when fertilized become known
  as seeds

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Pollination happens

• 1. When a grain of pollen lands on the stigma
• 2. Pollen breaks open and a tube grows down the
  style to the ovary

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Pollination

• Is the process in which pollen is carried from
  male reproductive structures to female
  reproductive structures.

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Fertilization happens

• When a sperm cell emerges from the pollen tube
  and fertilizes the egg cell in the ovary.

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3 Main Parts of a Seed

• Young Plant (embryo)
• Stored Food found in the seed leaves of the
  young plant
• Seed Coat surrounds and protects the young plant

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Seed Dispersal

• The process in which seeds are carried away from
  a plant
• Wind, animals (sticking to fur eating fruit and
  disposing of seeds elsewhere), water

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Annuals

• Plants that complete their life cycle within one
  growing season. (impatiens)

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Biennials

• Plants that complete their life cycle within two
  growing seasons. (violets)

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Perennials

• Plants that live for many years. (tulips)

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Pollen

• Is found within the male flower parts
• Holds the cells that later become sperm cells