Bones and Joints

1
Bones and Joints

• BIO 110

2
The cells that are known as "bone builders" are

1. osteocytes.
2. chondrocytes.
3. osteoblasts.
4. osteoclasts.

3
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony
spines called

1. trabeculae.
2. osteons.
3. central canals.
4. lamellae.

4
The shaft of a long bone is called the

1. metaphysis.
2. lamella.
3. epiphysis.
4. diaphysis.

5
Vitamin D is necessary for

• collagen formation.
• the organic matrix of bone.
• C) increasing osteoclast activity.
• D) absorption calcium and phosphate ions.

6
Which of the following is associate with
endochondrial ossification?

• A) The dermis and fibrous connective tissue is
  converted to bone tissue.
• B) Hyaline cartilage model forms.
• C) Osteoblasts deposit bone in areas of cartilage
  loss.
• D) Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage.

7
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of

1. new bone.
2. blood cells.
3. adipose tissue.
4. osteoblasts.

8
This is the strong, fibrous connective tissue
covering the bone.

1. Periosteum
2. Endosteum
3. Diaphysis
4. Epiphyses

9
The movement classification used when you turn
the sole of your foot toward the other foot is
________.

1. Inversion
2. Pronation
3. Eversion
4. Flexion

10
A synovial joint is also known as a(n)

1. diarthrosis.
2. amphiarthrosis.
3. symphysis.
4. synarthrosis.

11
Which is an example of a ball-and-socket joint?

• A) shoulder
• B) elbow
• C) knee
• D) wrist

12
Circular motion is called

1. extension.
2. flexion.
3. adduction.
4. circumduction.

13
Moving your head to indicate "yes" and then to
indicate "no" would correspond to which two
movements?

1. flexion and rotation
2. elevation and circumduction
3. contraction and relaxation
4. supination and extension

14
Moving a body part away from the midline (i.e.
moving you arm from the side of you body) is
known as

1. abduction.
2. flexion.
3. adduction.
4. eversion.

15
A small, synovial-fluid-filled pocket in
connective tissue, which may be connected to a
joint cavity, is a

1. meniscus.
2. retinaculum.
3. bursa.
4. gomphosis.

16
The line where one cranial bone meets another is
called a

1. Fontanel.
2. Foramen.
3. Suture.
4. Coronal.

17
The bones that form a synovial joint are held
together by

1. Ligaments.
2. Synovial fluid.
3. Red marrow.
4. A symphysis.

18
During intramembranous ossification, which type
of tissue is replaced by bone?
a. hyaline cartilage b. elastic tissue c.
mesenchymal connective tissue/ dermis d. adipose
tissue
19
If the activity of osteoblasts exceeds the
activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will the
mass of the bone be affected?
a. mass becomes porous b. mass will not be
affected c. more mass d. less mass
20
What effect would increased PTH secretion have on
blood calcium levels?
a. higher level of calcium due to osteoclast
stimulation b. lower level of calcium due to
osteoclast stimulation c. lower calcium levels
due to calcitriol inhibition d. no effect on
blood calcium PTH affects calcium in the bones
21
A balance between which two hormones is essential
for maintaining calcium homeostasis?
a. calcitriol and parathyroid hormone b.
calcitriol and thyroxine c. calcitonin and
parathyroid hormone d. growth hormone and sex
hormones
22
How would you classify a suture in the skull
according to its movement/function?
a. synarthrosis b. synchondrosis c.
synostosis d. syndesmosis
23
Which answer below is an example of an
amphiarthrotic joint?
a. syndesmosis between the distal tibia and
fibula b. symphysis between pubic bones c.
symphysis between the vertebral bodies of the
vertebral column d. all of the above
24
If you were looking at a synchondrosis in a
skeleton, youd be looking at the _____.
a. joint between the first rib and manubrium b.
epiphyseal cartilage between epiphysis and
diaphysis of a long bone c. pubic symphysis d.
both A and B
25
Which joints are considered pivot joints?
a. the joint between the tibia and fibula b. the
joint between the pollex and metacarpal I c. the
joints between the carpal bones d. the joint at
the proximal radius and ulna
26
When you do jumping jacks, which lower limb
movements are necessary?
a. flexion and extension b. abduction and
adduction c. flexion and abduction d. plantar
flexion and eversion
27
A person standing on her toes is ____, while a
person trying to kick his own gluteal region is
_____.
a. plantar flexing flexing his leg b.
dorsiflexing extending his leg c. everting her
feet flexing his thigh d. inverting her feet
pronating his leg
28
Which vertebral movements are involved in (a)
looking at the ceiling, (b) bending your neck
side to side, and (c) moving your chin to your
chest?
a. (a) hyperflexion (b) rotation (c) flexion
b. (a) hyperextension (b) extension (c)
rotation c. (a) rotation (b) lateral flexion
(c) flexion d. (a) hyperextension (b) lateral
flexion (c) flexion
29
Muscle Practice Test
30
Which of the following statements is incorrect?

• A) The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on
  tendons and move bones of the skeleton.
• B) Skeletal muscles store nutrient reserves.
• C) Skeletal muscles are responsible for the
  pumping action of the heart.
• D) Skeletal muscle contractions help maintain
  body temperature.

31
Which of the following best describes the term
sarcomere?

• A) protein that accounts for elasticity of
  resting muscle
• B) storage site for calcium ions
• C) thin filaments are anchored here
• D) contactile repeating unit of striated
  myofibrils

32
Interactions between actin and myosin filaments
of the sarcomere are responsible for

• A) muscle contraction.
• B) muscle relaxation.
• C) the conduction of neural stimulation to the
  muscle fiber.
• D) muscle fatigue.

33
This structure stores calcium which can be used
later for muscle contraction is the

• sarcomere.
• transverse tubule.
• C) neuromuscular junction.
• D) sarcoplasmic recticulum

34
Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a
motor neuron at a single

• sarcomere.
• transverse tubule.
• C) neuromuscular junction.
• D) synaptic cleft.

35
The structure that allows for the action
potential to continue into the cell is the

• sarcomere.
• transverse tubule.
• C) neuromuscular junction.
• D) sarcoplasmic recticulum

36
A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by

• A) anaerobic respiration.
• B) aerobic metabolism.
• C) hydrolysis of creatine phosphate.
• D) glycolysis

37
The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant
to fatigue (which is important for endurance) is
the________ fiber.

• intermediate
• anaerobic
• slow
• fast

38
The narrow space between the synaptic terminal
and the muscle fiber is the

• motor end plate.
• motor unit.
• synaptic knob.
• synaptic cleft.

39
Which of the following activities would employ
isometric contractions?

• standing at attention
• running
• C) flexing the forearm
• D) writing

40
Creatine phosphate serves to

• decompose ADP.
• store and release ATP.
• C) synthesize ADP.
• D) cause the decomposition of ATP.

41
The term used to describe muscular growth in
response to usage is

• muscular dystrophy.
• atrophy.
• C) myopathy.
• D) hypertrophy.

42
The neurotransmitter that initiates muscle
contraction is

1. aponeurosis.
2. acetylcholine.
3. fascicle.
4. buccinator.

43
The less-movable end of a skeletal muscle is the

1. insertion.
2. origin.
3. distal end.
4. proximal end.

44
Wasting away or deterioration of muscle is called
________.

1. Hypertrophy
2. Myositis
3. Ankylosis
4. Atrophy

45
Muscle A abducts the humerus, and muscle B
adducts the humerus. What is the relationship
between these two muscles?
a. synergists b. antagonists c. agonists d.
fixators
46
The connective tissue that connects muscle to
bone is called a

1. Ligament.
2. Tendon.
3. Meniscus.
4. Symphysis.