Talking about events which involve only the subject: intransitive verbs

1
Talking about events which involve only the
subject intransitive verbs

• When you are talking about an action or event
  which does not involve anyone or anything other
  than the subject, you use an intransitive verb.
• Many intransitive verbs describe physical
  behaviour or the making of sounds.
• Collins Cobuild English Grammar Harper Collins
  Publishers, Glasgow, 1990 (2004), page 139

2
My leg hurts.
3
My leg hurts.
S
P
4
The children talked.
5
The children talked.
S
P
6
Involving someone or something other than the
subject transitive verbs

• Many verbs describe events that must, in addition
  to the subject, involve someone or something
  else. Some of these verbs can only be used in
  transitive clauses.
• This means that they are followed by a direct
  object.
• Collins Cobuild English Grammar Harper Collins
  Publishers, Glasgow, 1990 (2004), page 142

7
David put the gun on the table.
8
David put the gun on the table.
S
P
Od
A
9
I lent Diana a Rolls Royce.
10
I lent Diana a Rolls Royce.
S
P
Od
Oi
11
Describing and identifying things complementation

• Some verbs, such as make and find, are used with
  both an object and a complement. The complement
  describes the object and is called the object
  complement.
• Collins Cobuild English Grammar Harper Collins
  Publishers, Glasgow, 1990 (2004), page 173

12
Valery is happy.
13
Valery is happy.
S
P
Cs
14
Hot weather makes milk sour.
15
Hot weather makes milk sour.
S
P
Od
Co