NEC??????? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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NEC???????

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Title: Author: Susumu Sano Last modified by: ss Created Date: 5/20/1999 4:22:34 PM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: NEC???????


1
???????????????
  • ?? ?
  • ????????????
  • NEC???????
  • 2000?5?19?

2
?????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ?? 8000????
  • ?????????????
  • ???,????
  • WWW
  • TCP/IP??????????????????
  • ???????
  • ????????

3
??
www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.html
4
??-????
www.isc.org/ds/hosts.html
5
??????????
  • ??????
  • ??????
  • ????????
  • ???????
  • ??????
  • ????

6
???????????????
  • ????????(????)
  • ??????????????
  • ?????
  • ???????? (???)
  • ??????
  • ?????????
  • ???
  • ????,???????
  • ??????
  • ?????????????
  • ?) ????

7
???????????????
  • ?????
  • ?????
  • ?)??
  • ????
  • ???????????????
  • ??????????

8
???????????
  • ???? - ???????,??????
  • ?????? - ??????,??????

9
???????,??????
??????? ??????? ??????
10
???????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ????????????????
  • ????????????????
  • ?????
  • ????
  • ??????
  • ????????

11
???
  • ???? (international stanard)
  • ?? ??,?????(????)
  • ????????????
  • ?????????
  • ???????(??)???????
  • ???? (de fact standard,??????)
  • ?? ?-???-?
  • ???????????
  • ?????????

12
?????????
  • IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
  • ?????????????
  • ?????????????????????????
  • http//www.ietf.org/

13
RFC - Request for Comments
  • ????????????????????????????
  • ??????????
  • http//www.ietf.org/rfc/
  • http//www.rfc-editor.org/

14
IETF??????
  • We reject Kings, presidents, and voting.
  • We believe in rough consensus and running code.
  • -Dave Clark (1992)
  • ?????????????????.
  • ?????,?????????????
  • ??? ???? 1992

15
RFC???
  • IETF?????????
  • ????????????????
  • ???????
  • ?????
  • ????????

16
???????
Internet Draft
1)?????????
Proposed Standard
Experimental
Informational
2)6??
3)???????
Draft Standard
4)4??
Standard
5)STD??????
Historic
17
TCP/IP???????????
18
TCP/IP
  • TCP?IP???????????????

???????????????
?????????(TCP)??? ??????????????(UDP)
?????????????(IP)
?????????????
?????????
19
????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????
  • ????????
  • ????????
  • ?????IP?IP????
  • IP?????????????????,???????????????

20
???????
21
??????????
???????
???
FDDI
ATM
IP????????
22
????????????????
HIPPI
ATM
IEEE1394
FDDI
Ethernet
???
Bluetooth
ISDN
Bluetooth
IrDA
PDC/PHS
RS232C
23
???????????????(IP)
  • ????????????????????????
  • IP????
  • ????

24
?????????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ???????

25
??????????
??????? ????
??????
??????
??????
???
????
????
26
??????????
  • ISP(Internet Service Provider)?????

27
ISP???
  • ????
  • private peering
  • ?????
  • exchange point
  • ????????????

28
ISP???
  • ???????????????
  • ???,POP(Point of Presence) NOC(Network Operation
    Center) ??
  • ??????????
  • DNS(???????????)
  • ?????,????

29
????
?ISP
???
???
30
????
  • TCP
  • ????,????????
  • ????

31
??,????
  • ??(congestion)
  • ??????????????????????????
  • ??????,???????????

32
?????
  • ???????????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ??????????????

33
???????,????????
??????? (link by link)
???????? (end-to-end)
34
???????,??????
??????? ??????? ??????
35
??????????
  • ????????????
  • ????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ?
  • ????
  • ?????
  • ????????????

36
??????
37
????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • ???????????
  • ????????
  • ???????????(????)?????

38
TCP????????
  • TCP TransmissionControl Protocol
  • ???????????
  • TCP?????????????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ??????????
  • ????????????1???????????
  • ?????????????1??????
  • ????????????????
  • ????,????????

39
????? ACK
  • ???????? ACK (????)???

???
???
????? 1
ACK 1
????? 2
ACK 2
????? 3
ACK 3
40
????? ACK(2)
???
???
??
????? 1
????? 1
??
ACK 1
????? 2
ACK 2
??,??
????? 2
??
ACK 2
41
????????????
  • ??????????????? ACK ????
  • ???????
  • ??????????????????
  • ?????????,?????????????
  • ???????????????????????

???
???
????? 1
ACK 1
????? 2
ACK 2
42
????????????(2)
???
???
43
????????????(3)
  • ????????
  • ACK ????
  • ????????
  • ???
  • ??????
  • ????
  • ???????????????? ACK ??????,??????????

44
???????
  • ??????,???
  • ??????????????
  • ???????????
  • ????????????????
  • ???,???????????
  • TCP ???? Window ????????
  • ?????
  • 16 ??? ??64 K???

45
????????????
  • ????????????????
  • Drop Tail ? ??????????.
  • Drop Head ? ??????????.
  • Drop Random ? ????????.
  • RED(Random Early Detection) ?
  • ?????????????????.
  • http//www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/floyd/red.html

46
???????????
  • ECN(Explicit Congestion Notification)
  • ????IP??????????????
  • ??????,?????????????

47
??
  • ???????????????(??????)??
  • ???????,????????
  • ????????????????????????
  • ????????????,?????????????????
  • ?????????? (RTT)

48
??????? - ??
  • RTT ??????????????
  • ???? ??? ?????????
  • RTT (a????RTT)((1 - a)???RTT)
  • ??? 0 lt a lt 1
  • a?1????? RTT ??????
  • a?0????? RTT ?????????
  • ?????? ß RTT
  • ??? ß gt 1
  • ??? 4.4BSD, a0.875,ß2

49
??????????
  • ??????,?????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ? ?????
  • Karn ???????
  • RTT??????????????????????
  • ????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ???????? ? ?????????

50
????????
  • ??????
  • ???????
  • ??????????
  • ???????????
  • ????????????

51
?????????????
52
??????????
  • ??????
  • ?????????????????
  • ???,??????????
  • ???????????
  • ????
  • TCP??????????? 64kB ???
  • TCP??????????
  • ?????UDP????????????? -(

53
1000km,1Gbps
  • ????????? 2.1x108m/s
  • ?? 5m????,??10m????
  • ????? 6.4Mbps ???????
  • 1Gbps ???????
  • 100M????????????
  • 100M???????????
  • TCP??????
  • RFC1323 TCP Extensions for High Performance

54
????
  • IP?????????
  • ?????,DNS
  • URL
  • ??????

55
IP?????????
  • IP????????????????(??????)??????????,????????????.

??????
??????
???
???????????
??????B
??????C
??????A
??????E
??????D
56
IP????
  • ??????????
  • IPv4 32???,IPv6128???
  • ?????????????????????
  • ?????
  • ??????? ? ????,?????????
  • ???? ? ??????????????

7
57
????
  • ???????????????????????????,??????????

58
????
  • ????
  • lt????????,?????gt
  • ?????????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ????????
  • 2???????????
  • AS? - ????????????????
  • RIP,OSPF,
  • AS? - ?????????????????
  • EGP,BGP3,BGP4,IDRP,
  • AS Autonomous System (??????)

59
AS, igp egp
R
IGPs
R
EGPs
R
AS1
R
AS2
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
AS3
60
?????? 1994?1?
www.employees.org/tbates/cidr.hist.plot.html
61
?????? 1996?9?
www.employees.org/tbates/cidr.plot.html
62
AS???? 1996?10?
www.employees.org/tbates/cidr.as.plot.html
63
????????
  • ?????????????
  • ???????????
  • ??????????????

C
A
B
64
????????????
  • ??????????
  • ?????????????????????

65
????????(??)
  • ????????????????

66
????????????????
  • CIDR?????24???
  • ??????64C????18???

67
???????????????
  • ???????????,????????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • ISP?????
  • ???????????
  • DNS????

68
Ipv6 Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses
  • 3 13 8 24 16 64
    bits
  • -----------------------------------------
    -----------------
  • FP TLA RES NLA SLA
    Interface ID
  • ID ID ID
  • -----------------------------------------
    -----------------
  • lt--Public Topology---gt Site
  • lt--------gt
  • Topology

  • lt------Interface Identifier-----gt
  • 001 Format Prefix (3 bit) for
    Aggregatable Global
  • Unicast Addresses
  • TLA ID Top-Level Aggregation
    Identifier
  • RES Reserved for future use
  • NLA ID Next-Level Aggregation
    Identifier
  • SLA ID Site-Level Aggregation
    Identifier
  • INTERFACE ID Interface Identifier (EUI-64)

69
?? IPv6 ??????
  • 3 13 13 6 13 16
    64 bits
  • -------------------------------------------
    -----------------
  • FP TLA sub-TLA Res NLA SLA
    Interface ID
  • ID ID ID
  • -------------------------------------------
    -----------------
  • number of the number of the ID
  • left-most right-most longest length
  • bit boundary bit boundary prefix (in bits)
  • TLA ID 4 16 /16 13
  • sub-TLA ID 17 29 /29 13
  • NLA ID 30 48 /48 19
  • SLA ID 49 64 /64 16

70
DNS
  • Domain Name System, RFC1034. 1035
  • IP????,?????,?????????????????????
  • ????????????DNS?????????????
  • ????
  • ??? ??????IP????
  • ??? IP??????????

JP
US
COM
UK
CO
AC
AD
NEC
WIDE
MT
CCS
(sano)
sano_at_ccs.mt.nec.co.jp
71
URL - Uniform Resource Locators
  • ?????URL????,WWW????????????

http//www.wide.ad.jp80/sano/glossary.html
?????
???
??? ??
?????
72
???????
  • ?????? ? ???????????
  • IEEE803(48???),EUI-64(64???)
  • VPI/VCI,?????
  • IP???? ? 32???128???
  • ???????????????
  • ????? ? ??
  • ????????????
  • ????? ? ???
  • ???,??????
  • URL ? ???
  • ?????????????????

73
??????
????? IP???? ?? IP???? ?? ??????
DNS?????????? ?????? ARP????????
74
??????????
75
??
  • ????????????
  • ????????
  • ??????
  • ?????

76
????????????
  • QOS Quality Of Service ???
  • ????????
  • ????,????????
  • ????? ?? ??????????????
  • ????????????
  • ??? DiffServe
  • ???,????????,??????????

77
????????
  • ???? vs ????
  • IPv6????????????????????
  • ????????
  • ??
  • ??
  • ?
  • ???,
  • ??
  • ???
  • ??????
  • ???????
  • ????IP
  • ?????????,????????

78
??????
  • ??,?????
  • ?????? - EC
  • ????? - ??????
  • ???????????
  • ?????
  • AAA
  • ??,????,??

79
????????????
  • ?????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • ????????
  • ??????
  • ????
  • ???????????
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