Prokaryotic Cells

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Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells And
Virus Notes Gallery
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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Notes

• Know these Greek word parts
• Pro before
• Prokaryotic cells existed before eukaryotic
  cells.
• Eu true
• A Eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus.
• Karyote kernal or nut
• Referring to the nucleus

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Example
Prokaryotic Cells

• One-celled organisms Bacteria
• No organelles
• Few internal structures
• Unicellular or colonial
• Cell Wall
• Cell Membrane
• Circular Chromosomes
• No nuclear membrane

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Prokaryotic Cells

• Microbes live in the water we drink, the food we
  eat, and the air we breathe. Right now, billions
  of microbes are swimming in our digestive systems
  and crawling on our skin! But don't worry, over
  95 of microbes are harmless. Microbes are
  single-cell organisms invisible to the eye that
  come in different shapes seen only with
  microscopes.

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Shapes of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic Cells
Draw these three shapes in your booklet and label
them.
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Prokaryotic Cells
Example of spherical shaped Bacteria

• Group A Streptococcus is a bacterium often found
  in the throat and on the skin. People may carry
  group A streptococci in the throat or on the skin
  and have no symptoms of illness. Most GAS
  infections are relatively mild illnesses such as
  "strep throat," or impetigo. Occasionally these
  bacteria can cause severe and even
  life-threatening diseases.

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Prokaryotic Cells
Example of rod shaped Bacteria

• Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria normally live
  in the intestines of healthy people and animals.
  Most varieties of E. coli are harmless or cause
  relatively brief diarrhea. But a few particularly
  nasty strains, such as E. coli O157H7, can cause
  severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and
  vomiting.

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Prokaryotic Cells
Example of spiral shaped Bacteria

• Treponema pallidum The cause of syphilis, this
  is a microscopic bacterial organism called a
  spirochete, a worm-like spiral-shaped organism
  that wiggles vigorously when viewed under a
  microscope.

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Eukaryotic

• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Contain a nucleus
• Unicellular or multicellular
• Cell Wall (plants and fungi)
• Cell Membrane (all)
• Most living organisms
• Linear Chromosomes

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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Notes
Eukaryotic Cell division
Due to their increased numbers of chromosomes,
organelles and complexity, eukaryote cell
division is more complicated, although the same
processes of replication, segregation, and
cytokinesis still occur. Eukaryotic cells form
identical daughter cells by replicating and
dividing the original chromosomes. This process,
called Mitosis, is like making cellular xerox
copies. Commonly the two processes of cell
division are confused. Mitosis deals only with
the segregation of the chromosomes and organelles
into daughter cells.
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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Notes
Prokaryotic Cell division
The usual method of prokaryote cell division is
termed binary fission. The chromosome is a single
DNA molecule first replicate, then attach each
copy to a different part of the cell membrane.
When the cell begins to pull apart, the
replicated and original chromosomes are
separated. Following cell splitting
(cytokinesis), there are then two cells of
identical genetic composition (except for the
rare chance of a spontaneous mutation). One
consequence of this asexual method of
reproduction is that all organisms in a colony
are genetic equals. When treating a bacterial
disease, a drug that kills one bacteria (of a
specific type) will also kill all other members
of that clone (colony) it comes in contact with.
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Comparing The Size
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Notes
White blood cell ttacking bacterial cells.
This is a picture of bacteria (the short, plump,
curved rods) associated with a eukaryotic cell
(upper right). The line on the bottom left
represents 1 micrometer. Note the size comparison.
um means micrometers
Prokaryotes 0.2 to 2.0 um smaller than
eukaryotes (less complicated fewer structures)
Eukaryotes 10 100 um larger and more
compex more internal structures.
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Viruses vs. Cells