World War II

1
World War II

• 1939 - 1945

2
Totalitarian Governments

• Post War economic depression political unrest
  and instability debt
• Totalitarian regimes appear
• Complete rule by one person/party
• Terror and intimidation secret police
• Propaganda, censorship, brainwashing
• Youth groups to indoctrinate
• Control of all elements of society, economy

3
Totalitarianism

• Italy Benito Mussolini
• Fascist party nationalistic party
• Il Duce restore glory of Roman Empire
• Germany Adolph Hitler
• Nazi party
• Third Reich (regime)
• Wrote Mein Kampf (my struggle) in prison
• Wanted lebenstraum (living space)
• Chancellor in 1933

4
WWII

• Allies France, Britain, USSR (later U.S. and
  many more)
• Axis Germany, Italy, Japan
• Japan Emperor Hirohito
• Heideki Tojo military leader
• Spain Francisco Franco (fascist) but neutral

5
Axis Aggression War

• Japan Manchuria, China brutal attacks
• Italy Ethiopia (League of Nations failed)
• German
• Took over Austria, Czech final straw
• Poland September 1, 1939 beginning of war
• Most of Europe fell by 1940
• Battle of Britain Hitlers first defeat
• Luftwaffe vs. RAF (Royal Air Force)

6
War cont.

• Japanese expansion in Pacific threatened by U.S.
  ships, embargo
• Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
• U.S. enters WWII
• Lost Philippines
• Douglas Macarthur I shall return.
• Bataan Death March
• Midway turning point Japan loses 4 major ships

7
War cont.

• Americans turn tide of battle
• Asia Midway, Guadalcanal, Coral Sea, Iwo Jima,
  Okinawa
• Europe D-Day, June 6, 1944
• Largest invasion in history
• Allied forces land at Normandy, France
• Push Germans back through France
• Battle of the Bulge Hitlers last effort to
  save Germany costly for U.S

8
War cont.

• Russia Germans defeated at historic Battle of
  Stalingrad
• US pushes from West, USSR from East
• April, 1945 FDR dies
• May, 1945 Hitler commits suicide
• War in Europe over May, 1945
• VE Day

9
War cont.

• Japan refuses to surrender
• Kamikaze pilots
• Truman decides to use atom bomb
• August 6, 1945 Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945 Nagasaki
• War ends September 2, 1945

10
Holocaust

• Nuremburg Laws 1935 stripped Jews of their
  rights
• Kristallnacht Night of Broken Glass 1938
• Allies discover concentration camps in Germany
  and Poland
• Nazi genocide of Jews and undesirables
• Aryan master race
• Forced into ghettos then sent to camps
• Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, Dachau, Sobibor,
  Chelmo, Theresienstadt

11
Holocaust

• Gassed (Zyklon B) then burned in ovens
• Profited from the process (glasses, clothes,
  hair, etc.)
• Nuremburg Trials after war crimes against
  humanity
• Most escaped, took new identities, etc.