ANSC 4

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ANSC 4

• Chapter 3 Meat and Bones

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Objectives

• ID and describe the major structures and
  functions of the musculoskeletal system
• Describe bone anatomy terms
• Differentiate between the axial and appendicular
  terms
• Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce terms
  related to diagnosis, pathology, and treatment

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Warm Up

• Do you use more muscles frowning or smiling?

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Structures of the Skeletal System

• Bone a form of connective tissue, hardest in the
  body
• Ossification formation of bone
• Combining forms
• Oste/o, oss/e, oss/i
• Cartilage another form of connective tissue,
  more elastic than bones
• Combining form chondr/o

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Ossification Parts of the process

• Bone growth is balanced between the following
• OsteoBlasts immature bone cells that produce
  bony tissue
• Build
• OsteoClasts phagocytic cells that eat away boney
  tissue
• Cut
• Osteocytes mature osteoblast

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Joints/Articulations

• Connections between bones
• TYPES
• Diarthroses
• Pivot or trochoid (Skull to neck)
• Ball and socket/ spheroid (Hip)
• Saddle
• Hinge/ ginglymus (Knee)
• Condyloid/ arthrodial (Wrist)
• Gliding
• Synarthoroses
• Suture (skull)
• Amphiarthroses
• Symphysis (pelvic girdle)

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Joint Parts

• Bursa
• Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease
  movement in the areas of friction
• Synovial membrane and fluid
• Secretes synovial fluid, which acts like a
  lubricant to make joint movement smooth
• Air bubbles joint cracking! This can cause
  damage resulting in arthritis type symptoms

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Axial Skeleton Parts

• Top to bottom
• Cranium
• Frontal, parietal, occipital, (Formen/ Magnum)
  temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, incisive, pterygoid
• Face
• Zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, lacrimal,
  incisive, nasal, vomer, nasal septum, hyoid
• Back ( Spinal / vertebral column)
• Vertebrae, body, arch, lamina, spinous process,
  transverse process, articular process, foramen,
  vertebral foramen, intervertebral discs
• Ribs
• Sternum, manubrium, body, xiphoid process,
  thoracic cavity/ rib cage

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Human Skeleton

• Think about it
• Humans are mammals
• Many animals are related throughout evolution
• Do the human practice sheet.
• Print an animal skeleton and color the
  coordinating bone structures so they match the
  human skeleton

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Appendicular Skeleton parts

• From the Front
• Scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal
  bones, metcarpals, splint bones, phalanges,
  digits, ungulates (hooves), pastern bones,
• To the Back
• Pelvis, ilium, ischium, femur, femoral head and
  neck, patella, stifle joints, tibia, fibula,
  tarsus (small animals), hock

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Testing Testing

• Arthocentesis removal of liquid from a joint of
  analysis
• Arthography inject contrast material for
  radiographic testing
• Arthoscopy visually examine a joint using a
  fiber optic scope
• Radiology study internal structures (Xrays)

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Common Aliments of Bones

• Arthritis inflammation of joints causing pain
• Rheumatoid arthritis autoimmune disorder of the
  connective tissues and joints
• Hip Dysplasia abnormal development of pelvic
  joint. Head of femur and acetabulum do not align.
  (large breed dogs)
• Luxation dislocation or displacement of a bone
  from its joint
• Subluxation partial dislocation
• Osteoporosis abnormal loss of bone density,
  increase in porosity

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Medial Luxating Patella ( Toy Dog)

• Closer view of knee with medial luxating patella.
  Instead of riding up and down normal groove
  patella is off to the side

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Types of Fractures
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Muscles Types
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Ligament vs. Tendon

• Ligament
• Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects
  one bone to another bone
• Tendon
• Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects
  muscle to bone

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How Muscles are labeled

• Positional
• Pector Chest
• Epaxial above
• Intercostal between the ribs
• Infra/Supra-spinatus beneath or below/above
• Inferior below or deep
• Medius middle
• Superior above
• Ex/In-ternus outer/inner
• Orbicularis surrounding

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Muscle Labeling contin

• Directional
• Rectus straight
• Oblique slanted
• Transverse crosswise
• Sphincter tight band
• Numerical Parts
• Bi 2
• Tri 3
• Quad 4

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Muscle Labeling

• Size
• Minimus Small
• Maximus/ vastus Large
• Longissimus/gracilis Narrow
• Latissimus Broad
• Major
• Minor

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Muscle Labeling Last Slide!

• Shape
• Deltoid triangle
• Quadratus square or 4 sided
• Rhomboideus diamond
• Scalenus Unequally 3-sided
• Serratus saw toothed
• Teres cylindrical

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Work to complete

• Represent the different types of muscles
• Sheet of paper
• Explain what they do
• Where might your find them?
• Finish chapter reviews
• Finish chptr3 worksheets