The Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution
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Which of the following statements do you most
agree with?

• The greatest significance of the Industrial
  Revolution was
• A. The change in where people worked
• B. The change in working conditions
• C. The advances in transportation and
  communication
• D. Development of new energy sources

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1. What events helped bring about the Industrial
Revolution?

• An agricultural revolution
• Crop rotation
• New mechanical devices (seed drill, etc.)
• New crops corn potato
• Enclosure movement

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In the early 19th century, the Northamptonshire
poet John Clare took a good look at the
countryside and didnt like what he saw. He
wrote "Fence meeting fence in owners little
boundsOf field and meadow, large as
garden-grounds,In little parcels little minds to
please,With men and flocks imprisoned, ill at
ease. Enclosure means literally enclosing a
field with a fence or a hedge to prevent others
using it. This seemingly innocuous act triggered
a revolution in land holding that dispossessed
many, enriched a few but helped make the
agricultural and industrial revolutions possible.
It saw the dominance of private property as the
model of ownership, as against the collective
rights of previous generations. For some
Enclosure underpinned the economic and
agricultural development of Modern Britain.
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• Enclosure
• Wealthy landowners in England took over land
  previously owned by peasants
• Experimented with new farm techniques
• Increased farm production
• Villages lost common lands and political power
  peasants became even poorer
• Peasants went to the cities

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While the Enclosure Acts from 1750-1831 drove
many subsistence farmers off their small holdings
of around 20 acres, the movement combined land
into larger tracts for more efficient farming,
and allowing portions of the fields to lie
fallow. The traditional method of subdividing the
land allowed farmers to feed their families, but
their holdings were too small to follow the new
method of crop rotation.  The larger holdings
(which usually favored the richer land owners)
applied modern methods of crop production. The
unlucky farmer who lost his lands also lost the
means to support his family independently. He and
his family had no choice but to find work in the
industrial north or in London. These burgeoning
urban centers required an enormous amount of food
to be brought in daily over long distances.
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Results of the Agricultural Revolution

• More food available led to population growth
• Industrial Revolution

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James Watt

• Scottish engineer
• Perfected the steam engine made it more
  efficient and more powerful
• Main power source of the Industrial Revolution

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• Write out a definition of the Industrial
  Revolution. What was it? When did it occur?
  Where did it begin?
• Define
• Cottage industry
• Answer the following question
• 2. What key factors allowed Britain to lead the
  way in the Industrial Revolution?

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2. Why did Britain lead the way???

• Geography
• Climate was good for textile production
• Plenty of natural resources (iron, coal)
• Separation from Europe stayed out of wars

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• Internal trade encouraged
• Population allowed to relocate
• Helped build canals, roads, etc.
• Less rigid than other countries

Government Society
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Colonial Empire

• Supplied raw materials
• Provided markets for goods