A review of basic genetics

1
A review of basic genetics
2
(No Transcript)
3
Chromosomes
4
Chromosomes
5
Chromosomes
Chromatid
Centromere
Chromatid
6
Chromosomes

• Different species differs in
• Shape
• Size
• Number
• Within any species
• Occurs in pairs

7
Chromosomes

• Chromosome pair have same shape and size in
  individual of one sex
• In other sex, two chromosomes that remained as
  unequal pair differ in shape and size
• This difference is the key to sex determination

8
Chromosomes

• Two unequal chromosomes occurs in male and are
  called X and Y whereas females consists of two X
  chromosomes.
• XY is male and XX is female in mammals
• X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes
  while rest are called autosomes

9
Chromosomes

• However in birds, sex chromosomes are given
  different names
• ZZ is male and ZW is female

10
Chromosomes

• Sex chromosomes autosomes genome ( total set
  in cell)
• Genomes are said to be diploid (2n)
• On the basis of centromere location, chromosomes
  are
• Acrocentric
• Metacentric
• Sub-metacentric

11
(No Transcript)
12
Find out chromosomes in following species

• Yak
• Buffalo
• Siri
• Mithun
• Mule
• Ass
• Duck

13
References for assignment

• Dorji, T. et al. (2002). Genetic diversity in
  Bhutanese yak (Bos grunniens) populations using
  microsatellite markers. Proceedings of the third
  international congress on yak, in Lhasa, China,
  4-9 September 2000. International Livestock
  Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, pp. 197-201.
• Gupta, N. et al. (1996). Chromosomes of yak.
  Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 66 453-457.
• Vijh, R.K., M.S. Tanita and R. Sahai. 1994.
  Translocation in Murrah buffalo. Indian J. Anim.
  Sci., 64 534-538
• Winter H, et al. 1986. Genetic characterisation
  of the mithun (Bos frontalis) and studies of
  spermatogenesis, blood groups and haemoglobins of
  its hybrids with Bos indicus. Res Vet Sci. 8-17.
• José M. Trujillo et al. 1962. Chromosomes of the
  horse, the donkey, and the mule. Chromosoma
  Volume 13, Number 3, 243-248