Leonor Matos

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Nuclear Energy
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• Leonor Matos

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• The release of atom power has changed
  everything except our way of thinking.

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• Nothing is certain.
• Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976), printed his
  uncertainty principle - Its impossible to
  determine with precision the position and the
  velocity of an eletron at the same time - in
  contemporary scientific consciousness.

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• Energy
• - physics, energy is a property of objects,
  transferable among them via fundamental
  interactions, which can be converted in form but
  not created or destroyed.
• Nuclear energy
• - is the use of exothermic nuclear processes,
  to gene rate useful heat and electricity.

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Science Game of Truth and Error

• Where are we?
• What I know, I believe.
• Ludwig Wittgenstein
• We believe that
• - We inhabit planet earth
• - Our earth moves around a suburbian sun
• -The sun is on the periphery of a peripheral
  galaxy
• -This Galaxy is on the periphery of a mysterious
  universe

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Our Ecosystem

• Ecosystem - is a community of living
  organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in
  conjunction with the nonliving components of
  their environment (things like air, water and
  mineral soil), interacting as a system.
• The need to better consider long-term
  ecosystem health and its role in enabling human
  habitation and economic activity is urgent.
• Natural resources are not invulnerable and
  infinitely available. The environmental impacts
  of anthropogenic actions, which are processes or
  materials derived from human activities, are
  becoming more apparent

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"There is unprecedented interest in renewable
energy, particularly solar and wind
energy. World Nuclear Association, 2013
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"The Abipiones have by custom, as they received
from their ancestors, a way of doing everything
according to his will, and not according to their
chief. I can show them a way, but can't harm any
of my own people without harming myself. If I
tried to use my power by any means or force
against my companions, they would turn back on
me. I'd rather be loved than feared by them. "
Grand Chief Alaykin, warlord of Abipione tribe
(choco Argentino)
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Pro and con

• - There is an ongoing debate about nuclear
  power.
• Proponents, such as the World Nuclear
  Association, the International Atomic Energy
  Association and Environmentalists for Nuclear
  Energy contend that nuclear power is a safe,
  sustainable energy source that reduces carbon
  emissions.
• Opponents, such as Greenpeace International
  and Nuclear Information Resource Service, contend
  that nuclear power poses many threats to people
  and the environment.

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Ambivalence of Science Today

• The knowledge of the physical and genetic
  engineering and the consequent ability to
  manipulate energy and human genome constitute
  risks and hope to the humanity.
• The new powers created by the scientific
  activities raise questions about the power of
  scientific progress and the consequences of the
  technical bureaucratic appropriation of the
  results of the work of scientists.

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• The letter that launched the arms race
• By the means of this letter Einstein sends a
  warning to President Roosevelt of the possibility
  of constructing "extremely powerful bombs of a
  new type with hints that the German government
  might be doing just that.
• Szilard and Einstein Together After the War

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Nuclear weapons

• By August 1945, the Allied Manhattan Project
  had successfully tested an atomic device and had
  produced weapons based on two alternate designs.
• The atomic bombings of the cities of
  Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan were conducted by
  the United States during the final stages of
  World War II in August 1945. The two bombings
  were the first and remain the only use of nuclear
  weapons in wartime.
• The 509th Composite Group of the U.S. Army
  Air Forces was equipped with a Silverplate Boeing
  B-29 Superfortress that could deliver them from
  Tinian in the Mariana Islands. A uranium gun-type
  atomic bomb (Little Boy) was dropped on Hiroshima
  on August 6, 1945, followed by a plutonium
  implosion-type bomb (Fat Man) on the city of
  Nagasaki on August 9.

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Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• - Within the first two to four months of the
  bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000166,000
  people in Hiroshima and 60,00080,000 in
  Nagasaki roughly half of the deaths in each city
  occurred on the first day.
• - During the following months, large numbers
  died from the effect of burns, radiation
  sickness, and other injuries, compounded by
  illness. In both cities, most of the dead were
  civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizeable
  garrison.

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Cold War is it over?!

• World War ll (1939 - 1945)
• Manhattan Project (1942-1946)
• Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)
• Cold War/arms race(1947-1991)
• Cuban missile crisis (1962)
• Truce (1991-2014)
• Ukrainian crisis (2014)

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The human costs - Accidents and safety
Nuclear power plant accidents include the
Chernobyl accident (1986) with approximately 60
deaths so far attributed to the accident and a
predicted, eventual total death toll, of from
4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths. The
Fukushima Daiichi (2011) nuclear disaster ,the
world's worst nuclear accident since 1986,
displaced 50,000 households after radiation
leaked into the air, soil and sea Radiation
checks led to bans of some shipments of
vegetables and fish. This nuclear disaster, has
not caused any radiation related deaths, with a
predicted, eventual total death toll, of from 0
to 1000. Cancer and other desisses from side
effects are still to know.
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Survival or Sustainability
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Thinkg about alternative solutions

• In our opinion, technical knowledge of the
  potential of nuclear energy has not yet allowed
  safe handling for the planet and its inhabitants.
• On the other hand, we belive that, renewable
  energy, the kind of energy that comes from
  natural resources such as sunlight , wind, rain
  ,seas and geothermal energy, is more sustainable
  and less pollutant. So, we hope to see this
  strategy more implemented and developed.
• However, the study of nuclear fusion energy
  seems to indicate that the power of atoms may
  prove to be useful and safe for the Earth and
  their inhabitants, in the not too distant
  future...

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• - International Thermonuclear Experimental
  Reactor - (ITER) www.iter.org
• - A 13-year-old boy from Preston has become
  the youngest person ever to successfully carry
  out atomic fusion.
• Jamie Edwards built a nuclear reactor
  before successfully smashing two hydrogen atoms
  together, making helium through nuclear fusion.
• http//youtu.be/U7iCPdbBGpM

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Yes, we can.

• The energy problem is a problem that
  concerns everybody and everybody should be
  concern with.
• The solution or set of solutions to this
  problem requires civic awareness, policy and
  ethics based on access to information. To take a
  decision, beyond the reasonable doubt, one needs
  time and all the possible and available
  information. It's a question of education.
• We belive, that the people, the so called
  Civil Society can and should contribute to the
  energy politics and decisions of their States.
  This can be the only way to stop the growing
  threat to the health of populations and the
  balance of the environment .

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The Open Future

• The release of atomic energy has not created
  a new problem. It has merely made more urgent the
  necessary solving of an existing one.
• The position in which we are now is a very
  strange one which in general political life never
  happened. Namely, the thing that I refer to is
  this To have security against atomic bombs and
  against the other biological weapons, we have to
  prevent war, for if we cannot prevent war every
  nation will use every means that is at their
  disposal and in spite of all promises they make,
  they will do it.
• Albert Einstein, 1945

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• The Earth isn't ours, we've just lend it from
  our children.
• Indian saying