QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARF

1
QURANIC GRAMMAR AS-SARFMorphology of the
wordsLesson 16

• Lessons from the book
• MABADE ALARABIYAH
• basics of Arabic Grammar
• RASHEED SHARTOONI
• Compiled by Sheikh Safdar Razi Ali

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What is a verb?

• A verb is a word that denotes an action or state
  in the past, present or future.
• For example
• ????? I was, ??????? I wrote, ??????(you)
  write , ??? be, ?????? I am ?????? I write,
• ?????? (he was good) in the past and ??????
  (he takes) in the present or future.

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Mojarrad and Mazeed verbs

• ????? Verbs with Root letters
• Any form of a verb that contains ONLY the root
  letters.
• ??? He Hit
• ??? He Wrote
• ???? Root Verbs with increased letters.
• ????? They wrote
• ???? He went on strike

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Note

• The Mojarrad Verb can have a dhummah, kasra or
  fatha on the Ayn of the verb.
• The Fa and La of the verb must be fatha for past
  tense.
• Past tense verbs are prefixed by the following
  letters Seen, Alif, Laam, Taa, Meem, Wow, Noon
  Yaa, or Haa
• Mojarrad Three Lettered Verb has three forms
• ?????? ???
• ?????? ???
• ??? ??????
• Mojarrad Four Lettered Verb has one form
• Falala ???? ????

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45-MOJARRAD and MAZEED

• A singular triliteral verb is a triliteral verb
  that only has its root letters, without any
  increased letter is called MOJARRAD .
• For example ?????? (he knew).
• A MAZEED triliteral verb with increased letter to
  its root can be as follows
• Either one added letter
• for example?????? (he honored) AKRAMA.
• B. Or two added letters
• for example ????????? (he was set free).
  INTALAQA
• C. Or three added letters
• for example?????????? (he asked for
  forgiveness). ISTAGHFARA
• The book mentions ten forms of increased (MAZEED)
  verbs.

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Mazeed with one letter

• If you increase three lettered Mojarrad Verb by
  one letter, you can have the following forms
• Fa?ala with a shaddah on the AYN of the verb
  (??????) Form Alima ? Allama (Taught) ??????
  ??????
• Afala (???????) Form Karama?Akrama (Become
  Generous) ??????? ???????
• Faaala (???????) Form Shahada?Shaahada
  (Witness) ?????? ? ?????

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MAZEED with one increased letter

• There are ten forms of triliteral verbs with
  increase letters, we will start with the form of
  one increased letter
• There are three forms of triliteral verbs that
  have one increase letter
• A. ??????? (FAALA)This is form II Here the
  second root letter is doubled. For
  example??????? (he notified)
• B. ?????? (FAAALA) This is form III. Here an
  alif is added to the root. For example ??????(he
  negotiated)
• C. ????This is form IV. Here a glottal stop is
  added to the beginning of the root. For example
  ?????? (he notified)

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Mazeed with two letters

• If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb
  by Two letter, you can have the following 5
  forms
• Tafaala with SHADDAH on AYN (?????????) Form ?
  Taallama (He Learned) ???????
• Tafaaal(???????) Form ?Tashaaraka (Associated)
  ??????
• Infaala(????? ) Form ? InTalaqa Insarafa
  (Left)
• Iftaala(?????) Form ? Ijtamaa (he met )
• Ifaal?a with SHADDAH on LAAM (???????) Form ?
  Ihmarra (Become Red) ??????

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MAZEED with two increased letter

• There are five forms of triliteral verbs that
  have two increase letters
• A. ????????? (TAFAALA)This is form V. Here a
  ta is added and the second root letter is
  doubled. For example ????????? (he accepted with
  strength) in respond to a demand strongly
• B. ???????? (TAFAAALA)This is form VI. Here a
  ta and an alif are added. For example ????????
  (he met) both parties agreed and initiated the
  action
• C. ????????? (INFAALA)This is form VII. Here a
  glottal stop and a nun are added. For example
  ????????? (it was accepted) action under
  influence or under pressure
• D. ????????? (IFTAALA)This is form VIII. Here a
  glottal stop (HAMZA) and a ta are added. For
  example ????????? (he received) Action with
  intention and purpose
• E. ???????? (EFALLA)This is form IX. Here a
  glottal stop is added and the last root letter is
  doubled. For example ???????? (he become red)
  transformation to a description

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Mazeed with three letter

• If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb
  by Three letter, you can have the following
  forms
• Istafal(?????????? ) Form ? Istafsfara (Seeking
  the Meaning)
• Ifawala(?????????? ) Form ? Ihdowdaba (Bending)
  ??????????
• Ifaall?a with SHADDAH on LAAM (?????? ) Form
  ?Ikdhaarra (Becoming Very Green) ???????

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MAZEED with three increased letter

• A. ?????????? (ISTAFALA)This is form X. Here a
  glottal stop, sin and ta are added. For example
  ?????????? (he asked for forgiveness)
• B. ?????????? (IFAOWALA)This is form XII. Here
  a glottal stop and a waw are added along with
  another second root letter , example ??????????
  (It was bent outward)
• For Form XI is not mentioned in this book

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Four lettered Mazeed with max two

• The increase in the Four lettered Mojarrad Verb
  by One or Two letters (A verb cannot exceed 6
  letters), will be discussed further when studying
  the verbs in detail.

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The infinitives for verbs with increase letters
are as follows

• A. ??????? becomes ?????? ? ????????
• B. ?????? becomes ????????? ? ?????
• C. ?????? becomes ?????
• D. ????????? becomes ????????
• E. ??????? becomes ???????
• F. ????????? becomes ????????
• G. ????????? becomes ????????
• H. ???????? becomes ????????
• I. ?????????? becomes ?????????
• J. ?????????? becomes ?????????

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Four letter

• K. ????????? becomes ????????
• L. ?????????? becomes ?????????
• M. ?????????? becomes ??????????

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THE DIVISION OF VERBS INTOPERFECT, SOUND, AND
UNSOUND

• A perfect verb is a verb that does not have any
  weak letters, glottal stops or doubled letters in
  its root. For example ?????? ?????? ?????? (he
  hung, he killed, he hit)
• A sound verb is a verb that either has a glottal
  stop or a doubled letter in its root. For
  example????? ???? (he extended, he ate)

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Reminder

• A double-letter verb is a verb that has two
  identical letters in its root. For example ?????
  (he ran away).
• If A verb that has a glottal stop in its a verb
  then it is considered sound. For example ?????
  (he ate).
• A verb truly has a glottal stop or is truly a
  double-letter verb when the glottal stop or the
  two identical letters are in the root of the
  verb, not including added letters.
• NOTE
• A. ???????? (INTALAQA) this verb does not have a
  glottal stop because its root is .??? (TALIQA)
• B. ??????? (QADDAMA)this verb is not a double
  letter verb because its root is .??? (QADIMA)
• C. ?????? (QAATALA)This verb is not an unsound
  verb because its root is ??? (QATILA)

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The verbs with vowels MOTAL(ALIF, WOW or YAA)

• There are three types of weak verbs (vowel
  letters alif, waw or yain its root) For
  example
• MOTAL ALAWAL (he jumped) ??????
• MOTAL ALAWSAT or ALTHANI (he slept) ?????
• MOTAL ALAAKHIR (he became satisfied) ??????

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Glottal stop (HAMZA of QATA)

• There are three types of verbs that have a
  glottal stop in their root
• A. Glottal stop of the first root letter ?????
  (he took)
• B. Glottal stop of the second root letter?????
  (he asked)
• C. Glottal stop of the third root letter ?????
  (he emerged)

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Strong Verbs

• Strong verbs have all 3 root letters as
  consonants.
• ?????? (Doubled, has Shad-da) The second and
  third letter are the same (has Shad-da)
• ???? - shook
• ???? - Returned
• ???? - Stretched
• ??????(Verb with Hamza) One of the root letters
  is a Hamza
• ?????? - Read
• ????? - Asked
• ?????? - Took
• ???? (Complete) If they do not fit in the above 2
  categories, the Verb is a Strong Verb
• ?????? - Hit

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Definition Weak Verbs

• Weak Verbs are categorized by identifying the
  placement of the vowel
• Beginning (Mithaal) ??? ?
• ?????? - Found, ???? Gave up hope
• Middle (Al-Ajoof - Hollow) ????
• ??? - Said
• End (Naqis-incomplete) ????
• ??? Become close,
• ?????? - met

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Cluster Verb

• A verb that has two weak (vowel) letters is
  called a cluster verb. There are two kinds of
  cluster verbs
• A. A cluster verb that has a weak (vowel) letter
  in the first and third root letters.
• For example ????? (he completed)
• B. A cluster verb that has a weak letter in the
  second and third root letters.
• For example ???? (it roasted)