Westward Expansion

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Conflicts With Native Americans
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I. Minnesota Massacre

• Minnesota 1862
• 4 Dakota Sioux warriors kill
• a family 5 whites settlers.
• 2) More Dakota Indians go on the war path
• more white settlers are killed.
• The Native Americans were led by Chief Mankato,
  and Chief Little Crow
• 3) Colonel Henry Sibley finally put an end to the
  Massacre.
• 4) By the end the Dakota had killed 450 to 500
  settlers and soldiers

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I. Minnesota Massacre
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II. Sand Creek Massacre

• Colorado, 1864.
• Cheyenne Chief - Black Kettle
• Led 800 Cheyenne to Fort Lyon to establish peace
• He was told by the government his people would be
  safe.
• Sent warriors on a hunt to get food.
• Militia under the command of Colonel John
  Chivington kill and mutilate 200 Cheyenne
• Mostly women and children.

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II. Sand Creek Massacre

• I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to
  pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw
  before the women cut all to pieces ... With
  knives scalped their brains knocked out
  children two or three months old all ages lying
  there, from sucking infants up to warriors ... By
  whom were they mutilated? By the United States
  troops ... John S. Smith, Congressional
  Testimony
• Fingers and ears were cut off the bodies for the
  jewelry they carried. The body of White Antelope,
  lying solitarily in the creek bed, was a prime
  target. Besides scalping him the soldiers cut off
  his nose, ears, and testicles-the last for a
  tobacco pouch ... Stan Hoig

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Sand Creek Massacre
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III. The Fetterman Massacre

• Bozeman Trail in Montana major transportation
  route through Sioux hunting grounds.
• Sioux petition government to close the trail.
• The U.S. Army orders the road to be kept open at
  all costs
• The Sioux go on the warpath
• 79 US soldiers killed by Sioux warriors under
  Chief Red Cloud

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IV. Battle of Little Bighorn
Little Bighorn Video Clip

1. Colonel George Armstrong Custer and 200 soldiers
   killed in 20 minutes.
2. No survivors.
3. Sioux Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy
   Horse.

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IV. Battle of Little Bighorn
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IV. Battle of Little Bighorn
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V. Assimilation

• Philosophy was to kill the Indian and save the
  man.
• Get Native Americans to accept white Western
  European culture
• Become civilized
• Farm, raise cattle, go to church, become
  educated, wear clothes etc
• Abandon their culture and nomadic way of life
• Leads to the Dawes Act and the destruction of
  the Buffalo

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VI. Dawes Act of 1887

• Goal - Americanize the Native Americans
• The Author was Congressman Henry Dawes
• Plan broke up reservations and redistributed land
  to the head of individual Native American
  families
• The intended use of the land was farming and
  grazing.
• Land was subdivided into 160 acre or 320 acre
  parcels
• Major policy after the discovery of gold in the
  Black Hills
• American government was in a depression and in
  debt
• Getting to the gold would help that situation

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(No Transcript)
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VII. Wounded Knee

• December 1890
• Sioux reservation in South Dakota
• Ghost Dance is believed to be a Native American
  uprising
• Indian prophet has a vision that
• Buffalo population replenished
• The Whiteman will leave
• Traditional way of life restored
• Ghost Dance leads to
• Sitting Bull being arrested and killed
• A massacre in which the Seventh Cavalry killed
  300 unarmed Indians and left their bodies to
  freeze.

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VI. Battle of Wounded Knee