Westward%20Expansion

1
Westward Expansion
2

• In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original
  13 states
• By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states
• The average family had five children !!

• 50 Years Later

3
(No Transcript)
4
Push Factors

• THE MOTIVATION
• What causes people to leave?

5
Push Factors to the West

• Overcrowding (you need a new place to live)
• Need for jobs (displaced workers)
• Ethnic/Religious repression
• Refuge for outlaws

6
Push Factors

• Think about . . .What pushed you out of bed
  today?

7
Pull Factors

• THE INSPIRATION
• What leads people to a particular area?

8

• Land (cheap and plentiful)(you want a new place
  to live)
• Riches (gold, silver, later oil)
• Freedom of religion/beliefs

• Family connections
• Jobs and new opportunities

9
Adventure!
10
Or maybe to find love ??
11
Pull Factors

• Think about this . . . What pulled you to SS
  today?

12
Incentives to go west included

• The Pacific Railways Act
• granted railroad companys 10 square miles on
  either side of each track laid west
• Morrill-Land Grants
• land grants from states to educational facilities
  with curriculum tied to agriculture and
  mechanical arts
• (Texas AM, Oklahoma AM etc..)

13
Incentives to go west included

• Homestead Act for approximately 10, settlers
  could have 160 acres of western land, if they met
  certain criteria
• American citizens who were 21 years or older, or
  the head of a household
• Built a home on their lot, and lived in it at
  least 6 mos. of the year
• Farmed the land for 5 years or more

14
Why did the government encourage so many
Americans to go west?

• A belief in the philosophy of Manifest Destiny,
  which stated that ..

15

• . God, , clearly wanted hardworking
  American(s) to occupy North America. It was
  inevitable and good that the United States occupy
  the continent from sea to shining sea.

16

• John L. OSullivan gave these ideas a name
  Manifest Destiny.

• It is, he wrote, our manifest destiny to
  overspread the continent allotted by Providence
  for the free development of our yearly
  multiplying millions.

17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
Were there any specific incentives for groups of
people to travel west?
21
What were some of the issues preventing western
expansion?

• Financially Expensive
• Long Journey
• Uncharted Territory
• Fear of the Unknown
• Climate and Geography
• Native Americans
• Foreign Claims to the Land

22
If we wanted the land, how could we acquire it?

• War
• Purchase
• Theft
• Trade
• Land Grants

23
Once weve decided to go west, how did we get
there?
24
on steam powered boats
25
Wagon Trains
26
On Horseback
27
Stagecoach
28
Locomotive
29
Most often WALKING!!!
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
Transcontinental Railroad

• Connected the East Coast w/ the West Coast
• 2 Companies
• Central Pacific Railroad
• Union Pacific Railroad

35
Central Pacific Railroad

• Moved east out of Sacramento, CA
• Used Chinese Immigrants to lay track

36
(No Transcript)
37
Union Pacific Railroad

• Moved west out of Omaha, NB
• Used Irish Immigrants to lay track

38
(No Transcript)
39
Transcontinental Railroad

• Took 7yrs to complete
• May 10, 1869 _at_ Promontory Point Pres. Grant
  connected two lines w/ a golden spike
• Time Zone were then created to keep trains on
  time.

40
(No Transcript)
41
Problems for Western Settlers

• Drinking Water collected rain water
• Prairie Fever or Typhoid
• Solution Dig Wells
• DANGEROUS!

42
(No Transcript)
43
Problems for Western Settlers

• Squatters people who moved onto land that
  doesnt belong to them
• Women find ways to preserve food, make clothing,
  soap, candles

44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
Exodusters

• Groups of African Am. moved west.
• Led by Benjamin Pap Singleton
• Get away from harsh treatment

47
(No Transcript)
48
(No Transcript)
49
(No Transcript)
50
(No Transcript)
51
Exodusters

• Where did they get their name?
• BIBLE
• Book of Exodus

52
Native American Wars

• 1830s Pres. Andrew Jackson removed all major
  Nat. Am. Tribes west of the MS River (Oklahoma)
• Trail of Tears
• Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Seminole

53
(No Transcript)
54
(No Transcript)
55
Native American Wars

• Many Tribes signed land treaties
• They were then put on reservations federal land
  set aside for Nat. Am. Tribes

56
Native American Wars

• Apache Wars began during the Civil War in 1861
  lasted 25 years
• Apache were forced onto reservations
• Geronimo famous Apache leader

57
(No Transcript)
58
Native American Wars

• Sand Creek Massacre US troops led by Col. John
  Chivington raided a Cheyenne camp
• 450 men, women, children were killed in the
  raid
• Cheyenne tribe will surrender a yr later

59
(No Transcript)
60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)
62
Native American Wars

• First Sioux War started in 1866 when govt
  started building a road through their land
• Sioux attacked the
• men killing 80.

63
Native American Wars

• Sioux agreed to live on a reservation in the
  Dakota Territory
• 1875 US govt violated the treaty
• Allowed gold miners on the land

64
Native American Wars

• Second Sioux War Sitting Bull Crazy Horse led
  a small band off reservation.
• Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer- leader of 7th
  Cavalry was set after Sioux

65
(No Transcript)
66
(No Transcript)
67
Native American Wars

• Battle of Little Big Horn the Sioux had joined
  forces w/ other tribes
• Col. Custer 200 of his men died in the battle

68
(No Transcript)
69
(No Transcript)
70
(No Transcript)
71
Native American Wars

• In response govt floods region w/ troops
• Eventually Sioux returned to res.

72
Native American Wars

• Massacre at Wounded Knee after Sitting Bulls
  death followers left res. to perform Ghost Dance
• 7th Cav. sent killed 200 unarmed Sioux

73
(No Transcript)
74
(No Transcript)
75
(No Transcript)
76
(No Transcript)
77
Extinction of the Buffalo

• Railroad killed to feed workers
• Settlers killed for hides/fun
• Govt killed them to starve out Native Am.

78
(No Transcript)
79
Dawes Act

• Gave plots of land to Native Am families
• Land not good for farming
• Not interested in farming

80
Indian Territory

• Present Day Oklahoma
• Govt gave away 2 million acres of Indian land to
  whites in a race
• April 22, 1889 Great Race over 10,000
  settlers raced for claims

81
(No Transcript)
82
(No Transcript)
83
Indian Territory

• Boomer settler who rushed into the land legally
• Sooner settler who marked land before the race
• illegally

84
Farming

• Harsh Conditions
• Dry Farming crops that dont need much water
• Bonanza Farms farm controlled by large
  businesses grew single crop

85
Mining

• Gold Silver strikes all over the west
• Mining towns scattered all over west mostly men

86
Mining

• Placer Mining shovel loose dirt into boxes/
  pans then run water over it.
• Once metals gone towns became ghost towns

87
(No Transcript)
88
Cattle Industry

• Growing pop. demand for more beef
• Problem How to get cattle from TX ranches to
  railway centers in the north?

89
Cattle Industry

• Long Drive transporting cattle from ranges to
  cow towns/ railway centers
• Cowboys helped move cattle

90
Cattle Industry

• Farmers against cattle drives
• Barbed Wire invented by Joseph Glidden ended
  the Long Drive

91
Populist Party

• Created by Farm and Labor Leaders

92
Populist Party

• Increase circulation of
• Unlimited printing of silver
• Progressive Income Tax of taxes owed
  increases w/ income

93
Populist Party

• Govt control of communication transportation
• 8 hour work day

94
Western Legends

• Buffalo Soldiers name give to African Am.
  Cavalry

95
Western Legends

• Dime Novels fictional western stories about
  real people

96
Western Legends

• Pony Express Relay mail delivery system

97
(No Transcript)
98
Western Legends

• Deadwood Dick
• Nat Love
• African Am cowboy rodeo star

99
Western Legends

• Jesse James
• Led gang w/ bro
• Robbed banks trains

100
(No Transcript)
101
Western Legends

• Billy the Kid
• William Boney
• Hired Gun
• Stole Cattle

102
Western Legends

• Butch Cassidy
• Led Wild Bunch
• Robbed banks trains

103
Western Legends

• Sundance Kid
• Henry Laughabough
• Butch Cassidys partner

104
(No Transcript)
105
Western Legends

• Doc Holiday
• John Holdiay
• Dentist turned gambler
• Gunfight _at_ OK Corral

106
Western Legends

• Wyatt Earp
• US Marshall
• Docs friend
• Gunfight _at_ OK Corral

107
Western Legends

• Bat Masterson
• Town Sherriff
• Friend of Wyatt Earp

108
Western Legends

• Wild Bill Hickock
• James Hickock
• Town Sherriff
• Killed playing poker

109
Western Legends

• Buffalo Bill
• Bill Cody
• Army Scout
• Showman

110
Western Legends

• Annie Oakley
• Expert markswomen
• Part of Buffalo Bills show

111
Western Legends

• Calamity Jane
• Martha Jane Cannary
• Army Scout

112
(No Transcript)
113
(No Transcript)