Motor%20Development

1
chapter 19

• Motor Development

John C. Ozmun and David L. Gallahue
2
TIE

• T task requirements
• I individual differences
• E environmental factors

3
A Transactional Model of Causality in Motor
Development and Movement Skill Acquisition
4
Categories of Movement

• Stability
• Locomotion
• Manipulation

5
Motor DevelopmentTheoretical Frameworks

• Dynamic systems theory
• Phases of motor development

6
Dynamic Systems Theory

• Affordancesenabling factors
• Rate limitersinhibiting factors

7
Phases of Motor Development

• Reflexive
• Rudimentary
• Fundamental
• Specialized

8
Reflexive Movement Phase

• Information encoding stage
• (in utero to 4 months)
• Information decoding stage
• (4 months to 1 year)

9
Rudimentary Movement Phase

• Reflex inhibition stage
• (birth to 1 year)
• Precontrol stage
• (1 to 2 years)

10
Fundamental Movement Phase

• Initial stage
• (2 to 3 years)
• Elementary stage
• (4 to 5 years)
• Mature stage
• (6 to 7 years)

11
Specialized Movement Phase

• Transition stage
• (7 to 10 years)
• Application stage
• (11 to 13 years)
• Lifelong utilization stage
• (14 years and up)

12
The Hourglass Gallahues Lifespan Model of
Motor Development
Reprinted, by permission, from D.L. Gallahue and
J.C. Ozmun, 2002, Understanding motor
development Infants, children, adolescents,
adults, 5th edition (Boston McGraw-Hill), 92.
13
Infant Reflexes

• Primitive reflexes
• Postural reflexes

14
Selected Primitive Reflexes

• Moro
• Asymmetrical tonic neck
• Symmetrical tonic neck
• Grasping
• Babinski
• Sucking

15
Selected Postural Reflexes

• Labyrinthine righting
• Supportive reactions
• Pull-up
• Stepping
• Crawling
• Swimming

16
Infant Reflexive Behavior Indicating Possible
Neurological Developmental Delay

• Nonexistence of reflex response
• Weakness of reflex response
• Asymmetrical reflex response
• Persistence of reflex response

17
Selected RudimentaryMovement Abilities(Stability
)

• Control of head and neck
• Control of trunk
• Sitting
• Standing

18
Selected RudimentaryMovement Abilities(Locomotor
)

• Horizontal movements
• Upright gait

19
Selected RudimentaryMovement Abilities(Manipulat
ive)

• Reaching
• Grasping
• Releasing

20
Selected FundamentalMovement Abilities(Manipulat
ive)

• Throwing
• Catching
• Kicking
• Striking

21
Selected FundamentalMovement Abilities(Locomotor
)

• Running
• Jumping
• Hopping
• Galloping