Elite politics

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Elite politics

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Discussion Questions

• Li Cheng, 18th Party Congress
• What is the single most important factor
  explaining inclusion in the Politburo Standing
  Committee?
• Describe this factor in as much detail as you
  can.
• What are some other factors that come into play?
• The Central Committee elects the Politburo.
• In what sense is this statement true? false?
• Nathan, Authoritarian Resilience
• Nathan attributes the CCP regimes resilience to
  four aspects of institutionalization.
• Identify each one and assess its validity.
• What questions arise as you discuss these
  attributes? What do you want to know more about?
  Compose at least one question.

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BackgroundMao Era Leadership Succession

• Organization of CCP undermined
• Absence of institutionalized succession processes
  dramatized
• Liu Shaoqi
• Lin Biao (Maos close comrade-in-arms and
  successor)
• Gang of Four
• Deng Xiaoping
• Legitimacy of CCP undermined

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Battle Lines DrawnOverview of the Political
Spectrum as of 1969Mao
Radicals in Cult Rev Group PLA Surviving Moderates Ousted Moderates
Maos secretary Chen Boda Lin Biao / Zhou Enlai Liu Shaoqi (d. 1969)
/ Jiang Qing Deng Xiaoping
Kang Sheng Trained by NKVD Chen Yun
Zhang Chunqiao Shanghai cult apparat Others
Yao Wenyuan Shanghai lit crit
1967 house arrest
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Overview of the Political Spectrum as of
1969(Gang of Four, arrested 1976)Mao (d. 1976)
Radicals in Cult Rev Group PLA Surviving Moderates Ousted Moderates
Chen Boda Lin Biao (d.1971) Zhou Enlai (d. 1976) Liu Shaoqi (d. 1969)
Jiang Qing Deng Xiaoping (V.Ch MAC75) Mao brought back to reorganize PLA
Kang Sheng Chen Yun
Zhang Chunqiao Others
Yao Wenyuan Mao Loyalists
Wang Hongwen Factory sec guard (Politburo 1973) Hua Guofeng (Whatever Faction)
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Cultural Revolution

• Risks of violating separation of civilian and
  military leadership
• Undermines military professionalism
• Increases threat of military coup

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Cultural Revolution Civil-military relations

• Address collapse of party authority
• Restore order, restore production, govern
• 3-in-1 committees
• 1 PLA (army)
• 2 CCP (uncorrupted party cadres)
• 3 Representatives of the masses

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Cultural Revolution Civil-military relations

• PLA itself being drawn into conflict
• Local commanders closer to CCP
• Risk of splitting militarycivil war?

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SKIP Cultural Revolution Civil-military
relations

• 1969-71 Civil-Military Conflict
• Struggle between PLA and CCP
• CCP
• Seeks to rebuild itself
• Seeks to reassert primary of party over army
• Soviet threat Brezhnev Doctrine
• PLA, Lin Biao
• Dual threats from US, USSR
• Aggrandizes PLA
• CCP
• Talks with Kissinger (1971)
• PRC UN seat (1971)

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SKIP Cultural Revolution Civil-military
relations

• 1971-76 Party Conflict Phase
• US-China rapproachment
• Shanghai Communique (1972)
• Struggle for dominance within CCP

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Cultural Revolution Civil-military relations

• Challenged norm of civilian control over military
  
• 9th CCP Central Committee (1969) 45 military
• 8th CCP Central Committee (1956) 29 military
• 1975 Mao brought Deng Xiaoping back to reorganize
  PLA
• PLA Chief of Staff
• Military Affairs Commission, V.Chairman
• Politburo Standing Committee, V. Chairman

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Cultural Revolution Civil-military relations

• Deng Xiaoping
• Uses personal prestige
• within military and party
• To reassert party control

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17th CCP Central Committee

• 371 full and alternate members
• 42 local leaders (provincial- and
  municipal-level), n154
• provincial chiefs, n62
• deputy provincial leaders, n62
• municipal or prefecture level leaders, n30
• 23 central government
• Representatives of central ministries, n84
• 18 military, n65
• 12 other organizations, n46
• Mass organizations
• Enterprises
• Educational institutions
• Other
• 6 central Party organizations, n22

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Party and Army

• Party controls the gun
• CCP Military Affairs Commission
• Mao Zedong
• Deng Xiaoping
• Jiang Zemin
• Hu Jintao
• Xi Jinping? vice chairman
• 5th Plenum, 17th CC

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CCP Leadership Post-Mao

• Lieberthal, p. 176

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Bo Xilai

• Political joke of the day
• ?????????????, ?????????????????????????
• This political struggle has nothing to do with
  Chinese people its a Mongolian reporting to
  Americans that a Singaporean killed a Brit.