Image Registration of Printed Circuit Boards using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

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Image Registration of Printed Circuit Boards
using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

• ????,???,????,AOI,PCB??

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I. INTRODUCTION

• It is very unlikely that GA alone will outperform
  a specialized scheme tailored to a problem. Most
  successful applications of GAs have been hybrids
  8. Combination of hill-climbing and elitism
  usually performs better than either one alone.
  This happens because there is a possibility of
  incorporating domain knowledge, which gives it an
  advantage over a pure blind searcher (i.e GA).
• ??????,?????GA??????????????????GA????????????????
  ????????????????????,??????????????????????,??????
  ???????,????????????(??GA)?????

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• In the following section, we explain how
  hill-climbing and elitism
• are implemented with the existing GA. Then, the
  experimental
• setup is described in detail followed by results
  on fitness and
• generation evaluation for reliability test for
  each investigated
• method. The performance of each method and
  accuracy of
• Transformation parameter estimation by the best
  method are
• also presented in results and discussion section.
  Finally, we
• conclude the work based on the simulation
  findings.
• ????,????????????(HC)??????
• (elitism, E)???????????????,???????
• ????,??????????????????????
• ????????,??????????????????
• ???????,???????????????

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II. IMPLEMENTATION

• ????,??PCB??????(reference)??,???
• ?PCB?????(test)???GA?????????,???
• ??9????,?test???reference???????????
• ????,?????????????????????
• ????0?359?,x??y???????-10pixels?10pixels?
• ????????????,??????????????
• ??????????3602121158760,???GA???
• ????
• ??test???reference???????????????
• ???,??test???refiernce????????????
• refernce?????????????????????0?1.0?
• ????????

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• ???GA????,?????????????????,?
• ??????????????????????????refernce
• ??????????????,???GA???????????
• reference???test??????,?????????????
• X-Y??????????????,????????????
• PCB??????,????PCB???4040pixels?????
• ????????????????????,?????????
• ??????,???????????????
• ??????????????????,??????????
• ??????????????,???????????????
• ?????????,GA???????????????,???
• ??????????????????????????????
• ???,GA???????

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A Elitism implementation

• ??????,?????????5????????GA???????,???95
  ????????????????5??????????????????????

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B. Hill-climbing implementation

• ????????????????????,????????????????????????????,
  ??????????????,????????????
• ??????,?l?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????,??????????????????????,???(???,x?y??)????????
  ??????????????,????????,??????????????????????????
  ?????????,??GA??????,????????,??????????,?????????
  ???

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III. EXPERIMENT SETUP

• ???????linux???????PC?????????,??????CCD??????????
  ???????????????????,????NetPBM?????,??C?????
• ??,????????GA???elitism (GAE)???GA?????(GAHC)???
  ?????????,GA????????elitism(GAHCE)????,??GAHCE
  ???????????,????????HGA???GA????????,?????????????
  ???????
• ???????,???????GA??12,???????200,????????????,??
  ??????0.5,???????0.01?3???(GAE,GAHC,GAHCHE)???
  ???18,?hybrid GA(HGA)??????50.??GAHC?GAHCE??,l?
  ?20,?HGA?10?????????????????????,?????????HGA?????
  ??

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• ?1(a)-(b)?????reference??,?2(a)-(b)?????test??????
  ?T1?????T2???1(a)??????????????,????T3?????T4???1(
  b)????????????????????????,???20????,????????

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IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• ??3??,???????
• ????,GAE????GA
• ???GAE???93??
• ???????0.85,?GA?
• ???50???,GAE?
• ???????GA???,
• GA??20-45?????,?
• GAE??20-78??????
• ????(elitism, E)????
• ?????,???????
• ???

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• ?4??,GAHC???63
• ???????????
• 0.85,????GA????
• ?,GAHC??????20
• ?200??,??GA????
• ?????,GA?????
• ?????????????
• ??????,??,???
• ?????????(37)?
• ??????,GAHC??
• ??????????????

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• ??5??,???????
• (HC)??????(E)???,
• GAHC?????GA???
• ????GAHCE?????
• ?22?120,96?????
• ????0.85????????
• ?,???4???????
• ???0.85?????????
• ????????????,GA
• ????????,?????
• ??????????????
• ????????(20)????
• ???????????,?
• GAHCE????????
• ?,???????????

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• ?????50,?????
• 10,?????????
• GAHCE????HGA?
• HGA???????test??
• ?20????,100???
• ??????0.85,????
• ?10?38?,??GAHCE
• ??,??????????
• ????

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• ?7?????????????
• ?????????,HGA??
• ????????,?????
• ??,???????????
• ?GAHCE,GAE,GAHC?
• GA???
• ???????????,??
• ?????????1.0,???
• ??????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????
• ???

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B. Computational efficiency

• ?8??,GA??????????
• ?????????,????
• GAHC?GAE???????,
• GAHC??E?HGA?????
• ????,??HGA????
• GAHCE,???????,??
• ????????????????
• ???,???????????
• ?,????95???????
• ?,????????????
• ??8?,???????,???
• ??T1?T2??,????T3?T4
• ?????????,??????
• ???????????

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• ??8???????????,GA?GAHC????????????,???GAE?GAHC
  E?HGA,????????????????,???????????????????4????,GA
  E?GAHCE?HGA???,T1????????

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C Registration accuracy

• ?1??3?HGA????????????????????
• ??????????,????HGA??20??????,
• ????????????????????(RMS)???
• ???????????,X??????????pixels,y
• ??????????pixels???????0?2.79???

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V. CONCLUSION

• ??????????GA(HGA)??,???????PCB
• ????????GA??????????,HGA?????
• ?????(GAE?GAHC),?????????????
• ?,????????????????,???HGA???
• ??????,????????