Cellular Respiration

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Sunlight energy
Energy Flow and Matter Cycling (Carbon)
ECOSYSTEM
Photosynthesis in chloroplasts
Glucose
CO2


O2
H2O
Cellular respiration in mitochondria
ATP
(for cellular work)
Heat energy
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Cellular Respiration

• The process by which an organism can extract
  energy from organic molecules (ex glucose) and
  use that energy to make ATP

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Cellular Respiration has 3 parts

• Glycolysis
• Krebs cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation (AKA the electric
  transport chain)

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Quick overview of the Cell
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More detail of a plant cell
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Structure of the Mitochondria
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Glycolysis

• Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
• ATP is required to start the process
• Starts with glucose (6 carbons)
• produces 2 pyruvate, AKA pyruvic acid(3 carbons
  each)
• What do you gain (energy) at the end?
• ATP (2)
• NADH
• This is an electron carrier that will be used
  later

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Fig. 6-7a
Glucose
2 ADP
NAD
2

P
2
NADH
2
ATP
2

H
2
2 Pyruvate
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Fig. 6-7c
ENERGY INVESTMENT PHASE
Glucose
ATP
Steps A fuel molecule is
energized, using ATP.
Step
1
3
1
ADP
Glucose-6-phosphate
P
2
P
Fructose-6-phosphate
ATP
3
ADP
P
P
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Step A six-carbon intermediate splits Into
two three-carbon intermediates.
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4
P
P
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
NAD
NAD
Step A redox reaction generates NADH.
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5
ENERGY PAYOFF PHASE
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P
P
NADH
NADH
H
H
P
P
P
P
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
ADP
ADP
6
6
ATP
ATP
P
P
3-Phosphoglycerate
7
7
Steps ATP and pyruvate are produced.
P
P
6
9
2-Phosphoglycerate
8
8
H2O
H2O
P
P
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
ADP
ADP
9
9
ATP
ATP
Pyruvate
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Modeling Glycolysis

• Beans electrons
• Blue balls carbon atoms
• Yellow balls phosphate
• Red ovals ADP
• Green rectangles NAD

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Fig. 6-7b
ATP made in Glycolysis is by the process of
substrate level phosphorylation
Enzyme
Enzyme
P
ADP

ATP
P
P
Substrate
Product
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Whats next?

• Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) goes into the
  mitochondrial matrix
• Here it gets converted into acetyl-CoA
• This will enter the Krebs (citric acid) cycle
• Krebs cycle
• Our sugar continues to be broken down releasing
  Carbon dioxide
• ATP (1 per pyruvate) is made
• NADH and FADH2 are made
• These carry electrons to the electron transport
  chain

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Modeling the Krebs cycle

• Beans electrons
• Blue balls carbon atoms 7
• Yellow balls phosphate 1
• Red ovals ADP 1
• Green rectangles NAD 4
• Green hearts FAD 1
• Red square Coenzyme A (CoA) 1

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Oxidative phosphorylationelectron transport chain

• The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) take the
  electrons to the electron transport chain located
  on the inner membrane
• Energy from the electrons moving through the
  chain provide the power to make ATP
• About 34 ATP are made

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• NADH and FADH2 give electrons at the beginning of
  the chain
• Oxygen takes electrons away at the end
• Forming water

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Modeling oxidative phosphorylation(the electron
transport chain)

• H small green balls
• Oxygen medium blue balls
• Electrons beans
• proteins of the electron transport chain large
  red
• ATP synthase Large blue
• ADP red oval
• Phosphate yellow ball
• NADH green rectangle with electrons
• FADH 2 green heart with electrons

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Aerobic Respiration
This process occurs in the mitochondria