The Biosphere

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The Biosphere
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Some questions to think about 1) What is the
role of the biosphere for humans? 2) How do our
daily actions affect the biosphere? 3) What
should we do to protect our environment and the
biosphere?
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The 3 Spheres
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Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
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• Lithosphere
• Rocks and minerals.
• Internal structure of the earth.
• Types of soil.

• Hydrosphere
• Distribution of pure and salt water
• Where does drinkable water come from?
• How do we obtain drinkable water?

Atmosphere 1. Composition of the atmosphere 2.
Lower layer of the atmosphere 3. Pollution 4.
The warming of the planet
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• What is the Biosphere?
• Definition The part of Earth where life can
  exist.
• -Any type of life, not just human life.
• The lower atmosphere.
• Sea, rivers, lakes, deep oceans.
• The top layer of the Earth.

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Can other planets support life? Why?
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Hydrosphere Definition All of the bodies of
water that cover the Earth. Did you know that
water is rare in our solar system? Why is water
important? Water is essential for all life!
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Water Distribution on Earth
Saltwater 97.2 Freshwater 2.8 -
Glaciers 2.15 - Underground 0.63
- Surface 0.02
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Saltwater
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The Oceans on Earth
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Arctic
Atlantic
Pacific
Indian
Pacific
Antarctica
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What makes ocean water salty? The sea and ocean
water is salty because of the large amount of
minerals and rocks that are dissolved. The
minerals come from different forms of rocks.
Every time it rains a certain amount of
minerals which form the rocks are dissolved. The
minerals flow into the oceans, or they accumulate.
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• What salts are found in saltwater?
• Chlorine (55)
• Sodium (30.6)
• Sulfur (7,7)
• Magnesium (3.7)
• Calcium (1.2)
• Potassium (1.1)

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Freshwater
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General Info - Covers only 3 of the Earths
water. - Is essential for the survival of many
species. - Not all of this water is clean and
drinkable. - The distribution of water is
unequal.
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• Which countries have a lot of water?
• Brasil 18
• Canada 9
• China 9
• United States 8
• All other countries 56

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Glaciers
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Underground Water
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- Water that falls as rain to the ground is
filtered underground between the rocks and earth,
pulled by gravity. -Even the rocks are porous
and water can pass through. -When the water goes
to a layer of earth that is not permeable, water
fills the space. -The water can be collected by
digging.
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Rivers -Start in the mountains due to the
melting snow. -Many streams join together to
form bigger and bigger rivers. -All the land
that feeds the river is called the
watershed. -Watersheds are separated by mountains
or other land.
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Ponds
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-Smaller and shallower than a lake. -The sun
goes to the bottom where there are plants.
-Ponds do not exist all year round because they
can dry up during the summer.
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Lakes
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-Can be small or very large. -Can be natural or
man made.