Atomic Structure

1
Atomic Structure Periodic Table
2
Atomic Particles

• Atoms
• Smallest piece of matter that retains the
  property of the element
• Composed of 3 particles
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons

3
Protons

• Protons
• Carry a charge of 1
• found in nucleus
• Nucleus is the center of the atom
• Determines elements identity

4
Neutrons

• Neutrons
• Neutral particles that do not carry a charge
• also found in nucleus

5
Atomic Particles

• Electrons
• Carry a -1 charge
• found outside nucleus in electron cloud/shells
• determines chemical properties

6
Atomic Particles
7
Atomic Number

• Atomic Number
• number of protons in the nucleus
• the number of protons in an atom determines which
  element it is

8
Atomic Mass

• Atomic Mass
• sum of the masses of protons and neutrons in the
  nucleus
• protons neutrons

9
Number of Neutrons

• Finding number of neutrons
• Round atomic mass to nearest whole number
• Subtract of protons from atomic mass

10
(No Transcript)
11
Number of Electrons

• Number of electrons
• In a neutral atom, the number of electrons the
  number of protons
• () charges (-) charges

12
Examples

• Atomic number 9
• Atomic mass 19
• of protons 9
• of electrons 9
• of neutrons 10

• Atomic number 8
• Atomic mass 16
• of protons 8
• of electrons 8
• of neutrons 8

13
In Summary . . . .

• of protons atomic
• of electrons of protons
• of neutrons atomic mass - of protons
• Atomic Particles

14
Isotopes

• Isotopes
• Atoms of the same element but with a different
  number of neutrons
• Effects the mass of the atom and nothing else

15
Quarks

• Quarks
• Particles that make up protons and neutrons
• Scientists have identified 6 different quarks
• 3 quarks make up protons and neutrons

16
Electron Structure

• Groups
• Vertical columns
• Numbered 1 18
• Elements in each group have similar qualities
• Gives you the number of outer shell electrons
  (valence electrons)

17
Electron Structure

• Groups
• Elements in same group have same of electrons
  in outer shell
• Determines the chemical properties
• Example
• Group 1 has 1 electron in outer shell

18
Electron Structure

• Periods
• Horizontal rows on the periodic table
• Gives you the energy levels of the electron cloud
• Row 1 (H and He) has only 1 energy levels
• Row 2 (Li Ne) has 2 energy levels

19
Energy Levels

• Energy Levels
• Each energy level can only hold certain of
  electrons
• Once full, must go to next energy level
• Energy level 1 can ONLY hold 2
• Energy level 2 can hold 8

20
Energy Levels

• Energy Levels
• All atoms need a full outer shell to become
  stable

21
Example

• Carbon
• Group 14/4 4 electrons in outer shell
• Row 2 two energy levels
• of electrons 6
• 2 in first shell
• Remaining 4 in outer shell

22
Electron Dot Diagrams

• Electron Dot Diagrams
• Use to represent valence shell (outer shell
  electrons)
• Group 1, 2, 13 - 18