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Solutions: More Vocab

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Solutions: More Vocab What kind of solution was this? How do terms saturated, unsaturated & supersaturated fit in with the solubility curves? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Solutions: More Vocab


1
SolutionsMore Vocab
2
Soluble
  • soluble capable of being dissolved
  • a substance that dissolves in another substance
    is said to be soluble in that substance

3
Insoluble
  • a substance that does not dissolve in another
    substance

4
  • solubility maximum amount substance that
    dissolves in given amount of another substance
  • LIMITED amount solute that dissolves in given
    amount solvent
  • affected by temperature and pressure

5
  • rate of dissolving is different from amount that
    will dissolve!
  • rate is how fast
  • amount is how much

6
factors that affect the rate of dissolving
  • temperature
  • stirring or agitation
  • amount of surface area of solute
  • amount of solute already dissolved

7
Dissolving
  • dissolving is physical change

8
  • dissolved covalent substances
  • produce MOLECULES in solution
  • C6H12O6(s) H2O(l)? C6H12O6(aq)

9
dissolved ionic substances produce IONS in
solution
NaCl(s)H2O(l) ? Na1(aq) Cl-1(aq)
10
Solvation
  • interaction between solvent molecules solute
    particles
  • solute particles surrounded by solvent particles
    during dissolving process
  • solute particles may be
  • ions
  • polar molecules
  • non-polar molecules
  • solvent molecules may be
  • polar
  • non-polar

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12
Hydration
  • describes solvent-solute interaction when
    solvent is water

hydration of chloride ion also called
molecule-ion interaction
13
Solute-solvent interaction must be greater than
interaction between solute particles
for dissolving to occur
14
Solubility
  • amount solute dissolved in specific amount
    solvent at given TEMPERATURE and PRESSURE
  • units
  • grams solute per 100 grams solvent

15
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17
Vocabulary Interlude
  • miscible two liquids that WILL MIX
  • together in any amounts
  • water and ethanol are miscible in all proportions
  • immiscible liquids that will NOT MIX
  • oil and water are immiscible

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19
Types of Solutions
20
Electricity
  • What do you need to conduct electricity?

mobile, positively charged particles!!!!
21
Vocabulary Interlude
  • electrolyte
  • substance that dissolves in water to form
    solution that conducts electricity
  • ions present in solution
  • non-electrolyte
  • substance that dissolves in water to form
    solution that does not conduct electricity
  • neutral molecules present in solution

22
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23
Dilute vs. Concentrated
  • concentrated
  • large amounts of solute present
  • dilute
  • small amounts of solute present

24
Which solution is most dilute? most
concentrated? How can you tell?
the stronger the color, the more concentrated the
solution
25
to dilute a solution add MORE solvent
26
Which solution is more concentrated? More
dilute? What can you say about the of solute
particles in pictures b and c?
27
Unsaturated Solution
  • less than maximum amount solute that will
    dissolve at given T and P

28
Saturated Solution
  • no more solute will dissolve at given T P
  • solubility amount solute required to form
    saturated solution

29
The solution is saturated when the solute stops
dissolving
?
30
Dynamic Equilibrium in Saturated Solution
microscopic level rate dissolving rate
recrystallization macroscopic level no
apparent change
31
Supersaturated Solution
  • contains more solute than saturated solution
  • VERY unstable
  • have to be clever to make these (need to use heat)

32
Testing for saturation
  • add additional crystal of solute into solution
    and see what happens

33
3 possible results
unsaturated solution
  • crystal dissolves
  • crystal sinks to bottom of solution

  • Bam! Suddenly have
  • lots of solid
    solute
  • in beaker

saturated solution
supersaturated solution
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35
How do terms saturated, unsaturated
supersaturated fit in with the solubility
curves?
36
  • saturated solns
  • any point on trace line
  • (max solute dissolved)
  • supersaturated solns
  • all points above trace lines (more than max)
  • unsaturated solutions
  • all points below trace lines (less than max)

37
characterize points A, B, C, D with respect to
KNO3 trace line (dilute, concentrated,
saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated)
A,C concentrated supersaturated Bconcentrat
ed saturated
38
Solubility Graphs
  • traces have positive or negative slopes
  • most solids have positive slope
  • the hotter the water, the more solute dissolves
  • The colder the water, the less solute dissolves
  • all gases have negative slope
  • the hotter the water, the less gas dissolves
  • The colder the water, the more gas dissolves

39
Summary of Dissolving
  • occurs at surface of solid
  • interaction between solute solvent
  • interaction called solvation
  • interaction called hydration (if solvent is
    H2O)
  • involves change in energy

40
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