CPR

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CPR

• Level A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
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Course Outline

• Welcome, Introductions, Administration
• Mission Vision
• Good Samaritan Act Legal Issues
• Disease Transmission Barrier Devices
• The heart
• Risk Factors for Heart Disease
• Stroke, T.I.A, Angina and Heart Attack
• Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
• Recovery Position
• Choking
• Quiz
• Questions and Wrap Up

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Mission

• United as members, canfitpro delivers the worlds
  best, accessible, affordable, and attainable
  fitness education and experiences.

Vision
As the leading global provider of fitness and
wellness education, canfitpro empowers people to
lead passionate and fulfilling lives through
safe, fun, and effective physical activity.
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Five Common Fears

• Doing the wrong thing / making things worse
• Getting sued
• Personal safety
• Diseases
• Dealing with blood / gross situations

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The Good Samaritan Act

• Identify yourself
• Ask Permission
• Act Reasonable
• (no cutting, sewing or poking)
• Stay with victim

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Legal Issues

• Once you initiate aid to a victim, you must
  continue CPR unless
• It is necessary in order to activate EMS (infant
  CPR sequence)
• Someone with equal or greater training takes over
• Continuing to provide assistance would be unsafe
• You are physically exhausted

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Legal Issues

• Consent must be obtained from a victim before a
  rescuer can provide assistance.
• Consent is implied if
• Victim is unconscious
• Victim is under 18 yrs of age and no guardian is
  available
• The victim is intoxicated or delusional, or the
  rescuer at least believes they are

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Disease Transmission / Barrier Devices

• Barrier devices are typically available as a face
  shield or face mask.
• A face mask is ideal as it reduces exposure to
  the rescuer (a face shield does not reduce risk
  as much as a face mask).

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The Human Heart

• The function of the heart is to circulate (pump)
  blood throughout the body to provide oxygen and
  nutrients and to remove waste products.

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The Human Heart

• The heart has four chambers

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The Human Heart

• The Hearts Electrical Path

The heart's electrical system controls the
synchronized and rhythmic pumping efficiency of
the heart.
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The Human Heart

• Problems with the heart's electrical system can
  cause heart rhythm disorders that may lead to
  sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).

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What is the number one killer of north americans?
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Risk Factors

• Diabetes
• Age
• High Blood Pressure
• Being Overweight
• Gender
• High Blood Cholesterol
• Excessive Alcohol Consumption
• Family History
• Physical Inactivity
• Smoking
• Stress
• Ethnicity
• Prior stroke

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Risk Factors

• Not preventable
• Age
• Gender
• Family History
• Ethnicity
• Prior Stroke

• Preventable
• Diabetes
• High Blood Pressure
• High Blood Cholesterol
• Being Overweight
• Excessive Alcohol Consumption
• Physical Inactivity
• Smoking
• Stress

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Signs and Symptoms
Signs A sign is an objective indication of
something that is typically detected by a
physician a sign is discovered by a
physician. Symptoms A symptom is a subjective
indication of something that is typically
reported by a patient a symptom is experienced
by a patient.
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Stroke TIA
Ischemic Stroke Ischemic stroke is a
life-threatening event in which part of the brain
does not receive enough oxygen, usually due to a
blood clot lodged in a cerebral artery.
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Stroke TIA

• Signs and Symptoms
• numbness
• sudden weakness
• trouble speaking
• vision problems
• severe headache
• dizziness

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Heart Attack, Angina Cardiac Arrest

• Angina a disease caused by the narrowing of the
  coronary artery.
• Heart Attack death to an area of the HEART
  muscle due to a lack of oxygen.
• Cardiac Arrest complete cessation of cardiac
  activity (heartbeat).

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Heart Attack
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Heart Attack
I T O N
P A S S
ale nxious .O.B. weat
ndigestion ightness verall Weakness ausea
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Assess Environment

• Check for hazards (ladder, glass, chemicals,
  etc.)
• What is the risk to you? What, if any, further
  risk is there to the victim?
• What happened?
• How many victims are there?
• Is the scene changing?
• Is there an AED or First Aid kit close by?

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Determine Responsiveness

• Shout or speak loudly to victim and ask if they
  are okay.
• Squeeze or pinch shoulders.

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Activate EMS
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Activate EMS

• Provide the dispatcher with the number of
  victims, age, gender condition and location of
  emergency.
• Stay on line until the dispatcher tells you it is
  okay to hang up.
• If a bystander calls EMS, ask them to report back
  to you to ensure that EMS has been activated.
• Ask dispatcher the estimated time of arrival for
  EMS.

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Utilizing Bystanders

• Phone EMS
• Wait for EMS
• AED available
• Remove hazards from scene
• Crowd control
• Get supplies (e.g., blankets)
• Protect victims belongings
• Write down details of incident

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Open Airway

• Perform a head tilt, chin lift by placing the
  heel of one hand on the victims forehead, and
  the fingers of the other hand under victims
  chin.
• Tilt head back to allow airway to open.

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Check for Breathing

• Place your ear over the victims mouth and nose
  to allow you to be able to listen and feel for
  exhaled air (5 sec).
• Watch the victims chest to see if there is any
  movement.

A victim that is gasping for air is not
considered breathing.
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Compressions

• Place heel of one of your hands on the victims
  chest.
• Centre this hand between the victims nipples.
• Place your other hand on top of this hand.
• Push hard and fast (rate should be 100
  compressions per minute).
• Count one and, two and, three and, etc.
• Be sure to allow chest to come back to normal
  position between compressions.

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Compressions

• Landmarking for compressions is just between the
  nipples of the victim.
• Compression depth should be 5 cm, or 2 inches.
• Aim for 100 compressions every minute, or just
  under two compressions per second.

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Rescue Breathing

• Seal victims mouth and pinch the nose closed.
• Give two normal breaths (allow each breath to be
  delivered over one second).
• Ensure the victims chest rises.

• Allow chest to return to normal position before
  providing next breath.

PRACTICE
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Adult CPR (One Rescuer Sequencing)

• Assess environment
• Determine unresponsiveness
• Activate EMS
• Attempt to get AED
• Open airway
• Check for breathing
• Landmark and begin compressions
• Provide two rescue breaths
• 30 compressions2 breaths until EMS arrives or
  victim responds to treatment

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Recovery Position

• An unconscious adult who is breathing and has no
  other life threatening emergencies should be
  placed in the recovery position.

While a victim is in the recovery position, you
are able to continually reassess his or her
status, check vitals, and maintain an open
airway.
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Choking

• Unable to speak
• Unable to cough
• Hands at throat
• Face changing colour

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Choking
Conscious Adult

• Determine severity of obstruction.
• If mild, encourage coughing and reassure victim.
• If severe, shout for help, start cycles of 5 back
  blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until airway is
  clear, or victim becomes unconscious.

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Choking
Unconscious Adult

• Assess environment
• Determine responsiveness
• Activate EMS
• Attempt to obtain AED
• Open airway
• Assess breathing
• Landmark and provide 30 chest
• compressions
• Look in mouth for object (remove only if object
  seen)
• Give one rescue breath if it fails reposition
  head and try again
• Repeat sequence until successful or EMS arrives

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CPR Quiz
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Questions?Comments?
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Please fill out an evaluation form and return
to me.
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Thank you!
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