Acids and Bases

1
??? ??????? ? ???????
2
???? ??????? ???
3
??????? ??????
???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??
??????? ???????
4
???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? (a)?
5
??? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????
?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??
???HCL
???CH3COOH
6
???? ????? HA?? ??? ????? ??
HA
???? ???? ???????? ????? HA ?? ??????? ??
7
????? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? 100.
HA
H
??? ???
A-
????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ..
8
???? ???? ????? .
HA
H
??? ????
A-
????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????
?????? ????????? ..
9
HA ? H A-
HA
H
??? ????
A-
10
???????? ??? ?????? ??
???HCL
???CH3COOH
????? ??? HCL ????? ? ???? ? ????? 100 ???
?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????
????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????
???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??????
???????? ???? ..
11
?????? ??? ???????? ??
???? ???
??? ???
???? ????
??? ????
12
??????? ??????

• ???? ??????? ?? ?????
• HCl(g) H2O(l) ?H3O(aq) Cl-(aq) (?99)
• HNO3(aq) H2O(l) ? H3O(aq) NO3-(aq) (?99)

?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ..
13
???????

• ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???

A
B
14
??????? ???????
????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????
???? ..
CH3COOH (aq) CH3COO- (aq) H (aq)
??? ???? ( ???? ????) ??? ???? ??? ( ??? ?????
)
15
??????? ???????
???? ???? ?????
16
?? ?? ??????? ?
???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????
????? ???????
17
?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ?
18
??????? ??????
NaOH(s) ?Na(aq) OH-(aq)
19
??????? ???????
NH3(g) H2O(l) ? NH4(aq) OH-(aq)
20
??????? ???????
???? ???? ???????
21
??? ??????? ? ???????

• ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? 100 .
• HCl NaOH
• HNO3 KOH
• H2SO4

• ????? ? ????? ????? - ????? ???? ???? .
• CH3COOH NH3

22
??????? ? ??????? ???????

• ??? ???? HA H2O H3O A-
• H3OA-
• Ka
• HA
• ????? ????? B H2O HB OH-
• HBOH-
• Kb
• B