Nucleotides

1
Nucleotides

• ??????????????????????? ??????

??? ??.????? ?????????
2
Purine
Purine Bases
Pyrimidine Bases

1. Cytosine
2. Thymine
3. Uracil

1. Adenine
2. Guanine
3. Xanthine
4. Hypoxanthine

3
Purine Bases
Adenine
Guanine
Hypoxanthine
Xanthine
4

• ???????????????????????????? Purine ?
• A) Adenine
• B) Thymine
• C) Uracil
• D) Cytosine

5
Pyrimidine Bases
6
2. ????????????????????????? ??? Pyrimidine ? A)
Adenine B) Thymine C) Guanine D) Xanthine
7
Purine Base
amino group
NH2
C
N
C
N
CH
HC
C
N
N
H
H
Adenine
8
Purine Base
O
C
N
N
C
CH
C
C
N
H2N
N
H
H
Guanine
9
Purine Base
O
C
N
HN
C
CH
C
C
N
O
N
H
H
Xanthine
10
Purine Base
O
C
N
HN
C
CH
C
C
H
N
N
H
H
Hypoxanthine
11
Coffee beans Coffee Caffeine
12

• Caffeine ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ?
• A) Adenine
• B) Thymine
• C) Guanine
• D) Xanthine

CH3
O
H3C
N
6
N
H
5
7
1
2
4
3
O
N
N
H
H
CH3
13

• Caffeine ???? methyl group ???????????????????????
  ????????????????
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

14
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
1,3-dimethylxanthine
3,7-dimethylxanthine
15
5. ?????????????? 3, 7 dimethylxanthine
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????? ? A) ???? B) ?? C) ????? D)
??????????
16
6. ?????????????? Purine ???? pyrimidine
bases ?????????? D ribose ???? deoxyribose
???????????????????? ? A) Nucleosides B)
Nucleotides C) Nucleic acid D) DNA ???? RNA
17
Adenosine
NH2
N
6
N
7
1
Adenine
8
9
N
N
HOCH2
O
D-Ribose
OH
OH
18
7. Adenosine ?????????????????????????????? A)
Adenine D ribose ?????????? N1 B)
Adenine Deoxyribose ?????????? N1 C) Adenine
D ribose ?????????? N9 D) Adenine
deoxyribose ?????????? N9
19
Cytidine
3
Cytosine
2
1
?-N-glycosidic linkage
HOCH2
O
D-ribose
OH
OH
20
8. Cytidine ?????????????????????????????? A)
Cytosine D-ribose ??? N1 B) Cytosine
Deoxyribose ??? N1 C) Cytosine D-ribose ???
N9 D) Cytosine Deoxyribose ??? N9
21
Nucleosides

Ribose Deoxyribose
Purine
Pyrimidine
Nucleotides


Ribose Deoxyribose
Purine
Phosphate
Pyrimidine
22
9. ?????????????? Purine ???? Pyrimidine bases
?????????? D-ribose ???? Deoxyribose ???
phosphate ???????? A) Nucleosides B)
Nucleotides C) Nucleic Acids D) DNA ??? RNA
23
Adenine
Guanine
24
10. ???????????????????????????????   A)
Adenine B) Guanine C) Cytosine D) Thymine

6-aminopurine  
25
11. ??????????????????????????????? A)
Adenine B) Guanine C) Cytosine D) Thymine
2-oxy-4-aminopyrimidine
26
Xanthine
CH3
O
CH3
N
HN
6
5
7
1
8
4
2
3
9
O
N
N
H
H
CH3
27

1. ?????????????????????????????????????????????

A) Xanthine B) 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine C) 1,
3-dimethylxanthine D) 3, 7-dimethylxanthine
28
13. ?????????????????????????????????????????????
A) Xanthine B) 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine C) 1,
3-dimethylxanthine D) 3, 7-dimethylxanthine
29
14. ?????????????????????????????????????????????
A) Xanthine B) 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine C) 1,
3-dimethylxanthine D) 3, 7-dimethylxanthine
30
Adenosine
NH2
N
6
N
7
1
Adenine
8
9
N
N
HOCH2
O
D-Ribose
OH
OH
31
15. ?????????????????????????????????????????????
A) Adenosine monophosphate B) Guanosine
monophosphate C) Deoxyadenosine 5
monophosphate D) Deoxyguanosine 5
monophosphate
32
Purine Bases
Adenine
Guanine
Hypoxanthine
Xanthine
33
16. Purine bases ???????????????????????? A)
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine B) Adenine, Guanine,
Xanthine C) Adenine, Thymine, Xanthine D)
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
34
Pyrimidine Bases
35
17. Pyrimidine bases ???????????????????????? A)
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine B) Adenine, Guanine,
Xanthine C) Adenine, Thymine, Xanthine D)
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
36
Nucleosides

Ribose Deoxyribose
Purine
Pyrimidine
Nucleotides


Ribose Deoxyribose
Purine
Phosphate
Pyrimidine
37
ATP
38
18. ATP ???? adenosine derivatives ????????? A)
Nucleosides B) Nucleotides C) Nucleic Acid D)
DNA ???? RNA
39
???????? Cyclic AMP
40
19. Cyclic AMP ???????????????????????????? A)
AMP B) ADP C) ATP D) cGMP
41
Guanosine Derivatives
Cyclic GMP (Guanosine 3', 5' monophosphate) ?????
GTP ?????????????????? enzyme ???? Guanylate
cyclase
?
Guanylate cyclase
GTP cGMP
cGMP
42
20. Cyclic GMP ???????????????????????????? A)
GMP B) GDP C) GTP D) cAMP
43
21. Coenzyme ?????????????????????????????????????
???????
A) AMP B) GMP C) cAMP D) cGMP
44

Uridine
Uridine 2 Phosphate Uridine diphosphate
(UDP)
UDP Glucose UDP-Glucose
(?????????????????? ????????????? Glycogen)
UDP-Glucose Uracil derivatives
(???????????????????????????? Uracil)
45
22. UDP-Glucose ??????????????????????????????????
??????????
A) Urea B) Uric acid C) Uracil D) Uracine
46
23. UDP-Glucose ????????????? Metabolic pathway
??? Carbohydrate ???????????
A) Glycolysis (Glucose ? ? Pyruvate /
Lactate) B) Glycogenesis (Glucose ? ?
Glycogen) C) Glycogenolysis (Glycogen ? ?
Glucose) D) Gluconeogenesis (Non-CHO -----?
Glucose)
47
24. UDP (Uridine diphosphate)?????????????????????
? A) Nucleosides B) Nucleotides C) Nucleic
Acid D) DNA ???? RNA
48
Pyrimidine Bases
Cytidine
Thymidine
Uridine
Nucleosides
49
25. ?????????????? Nucleosides (??????)
??????????????????? A) Cytosine B) Cytidine C)
CDP D) CTP
50
Purine bases
Xanthine
Hypoxanthine
51
Purine base ??????????????????? Xanthine ???
Hypoxanthine
Purine nucleosides ???? Adenosine ??? Guanosine
??????????????? Hypoxanthine ??? Xanthine ???
??????????????????????? Uric Acid
52
26. Uric acid ????????????????????? ?

1. Nucleosides
2. Nucleotides
3. Purine bases
4. Pyrimidine bases

53
End of Test