The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

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The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced
Satellite Products Team (ASPT) in Madison,
Wisconsin in collaboration with the Cooperative
Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies
(CIMSS)
GOES-R Users Conference 1 October 2002
UW-Madison
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GOES Imagers -- a wide range of applications
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Limitations of Current GOES Imagers

• Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts
• Low spatial resolution
• Missing spectral bands
• Eclipse and related outages

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The Advance Baseline Imager
ABI Current Spatial resolution Visible
(0.64 mm) 0.5 km Approx. 1 km All other
bands 2 km Approx. 4 km Spatial
coverage Full disk 4 per hour Every 3
hours CONUS 12 per hour 4 per
hour Operation during eclipse Yes No Sp
ectral Coverage 8-12 bands 5 bands
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Whats the Advance Baseline Imager
Spatial resolution Visible (0.64 mm) 0.5 km (14
mrad) All other bands 2 km (56 mrad) Spatial
coverage Full disk 4 per hour (every 15 min)
CONUS (3000 x 5000 km) 12 per hour (every 5
min) Operation during eclipse Yes Lifetime Mea
n Mission life 8.4 years Noise NEdT (except
13.3 mm) 0.1K _at_ 300K Data rate lt 15
Megabits-per second (Mbps)
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Visible and near-IR channels the proposed ABI
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MODIS Bands 1/4/3 (0.65, 0.555, 0.47 µm)
True color examples from MODIS
http//rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery
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IR channels on the current GOES and the proposed
ABI
UW-Madison/CIMSS
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IR channels on the current GOES and the proposed
ABI
UW-Madison/CIMSS
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ABI Bands
Current GOES Imagers
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ABI Bands
Current GOES Imagers
MSG/Sounder
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ABI Bands
Current GOES Imagers
MSG/Sounder
MODIS/MTG/etc
These bands will lead to both improved and new
products.
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ABI
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ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES
Imager
ABI coverage in 5 minutes
GOES coverage in 5 minutes
The anticipated schedule for ABI will be full
disk images every 15 minutes plus CONUS images
every 5 minutes.
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MODIS 0.5 km
MODIS 0.25 km
Lake Effect Snow Bands Visible
MODIS 1 km
19 January 2001, 1720 UTC
GOES-8 1 km
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MODIS (1 km)
ABI (2 km)
Severe convection IR windows 25 February 2001
GOES-8 (4 km)
The simulated ABI clearly captures the
over-shooting (cold) cloud tops, while the
current GOES Imager does not. Images shown in
GOES projection.
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Weighting Functions for the (12-ch option) IR
Channels
(For the standard atmosphere at a 40 degree Local
Zenith Angle)
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Cloud Thermodynamic Phase 21 April, 2001 at 1745
UTC ARM Southern Great Plains Site
BTD8.5-11 and BT11 consistent with mixed ice
and water phase clouds, supercooled water cloud,
overlapped clouds
Kansas
Oklahoma
Nasiri, Frey, Baum -- IR Cloud Thermodynamic Phase
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Cloud Thermodynamic Phase Descriptions
If BTD8.5-11 very positive, or BT11cold
BTD8.5-11 very negative or BT11 warm
BTD8.5-11 and BT11 consistent with mixed ice
and water phase clouds, supercooled water cloud,
overlapped clouds SWIR would improve this
BTD8.5-11 and BT11 do not provide enough
information to make phase classificationSWIR
would improve this
Nasiri, Frey, Baum -- IR Cloud Thermodynamic Phase
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MODIS 03 Nov. 2000 at 1755 UTC
Clear
Snow
False Color Phase Image RGB 0.65 mm R, 1.6 mm
?R, 11 mm BT (flipped)magenta ice
cloud, yellow water cloud, green vegetation,
red snow
Nasiri, Frey, Baum -- IR Cloud Thermodynamic Phase
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Water versus Ice Clouds
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1.38 um and TPW
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pseudo-color Using the 0.85 um as
green (MODIS 1,2,3)
true color Using the 0.55 um as green (MODIS
1,4,3)
No adjustments have been made to weight the
various bands.
UW/CIMSS
(RGB)
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ABI Channel 2 (1.61 um)spectral width was
narrowed (was 1.3 to 1.9 um)
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1.88 ?m (or 1.38 ?m) is helpful for contrail
detection
Examples from MAS (Chs 2, 10, 16). Contrail
detection is important when estimating many
surface parameters. There is also interest in
the climate change community.
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Utility of the 8.5 ?m band
- volcanic cloud detection can be improved by
detecting sulfuric acid aerosols (Realmuto et
al.). Baran et al. have shown the utility of a
channel near 8.2 ?m to detect sulfuric acid
aerosols. - microphysical properties of clouds
can be determined. This includes a more accurate
and consistent delineation of ice clouds from
water clouds during the day or night. - thin
cirrus can be detected in conjunction with the 11
?m. This will improve other products by reducing
cloud contamination. - SST estimates can be
improved by a better atmospheric correction in
relatively dry atmospheres. - international
commonality is furthered as MSG carries a similar
channel (8.5 to 8.9 ?m) as well as MODIS and
GLI. - surface properties can be observed in
conjunction with the 10.35 ?m channel.
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Volcanic Ash Plume 11-12 and 8.5-11 µm images
One day after the eruption 20 February 2001, 0845
UTC
Simulated ABI (11-12 µm)
Simulated ABI (8.5-11 µm)
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True color example from MODIS of smoke, cloud
and land.
(MODIS Bands 1/4/3)
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GOES-R and GOES-I/M Simulations of Viejas Fire
Using MODIS Data January 3, 2001 at 1900 UTC
Simulated GOES-R 3.9 micron
Simulated GOES-I/M 3.9 micron
GOES-R 3.9 micron brightness temperatures
GOES-I/M 3.9 micron brightness temperatures
GOES-R will allow for improved characterization
of fire dynamics
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GOES WFABBA Monitors Rapid Intensification of
Wildfires
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Utility of the 1.6 ?m band

• Daytime cloud detection. This band does not sense
  into the lower troposphere due to water vapor
  absorption and thus it provides excellent daytime
  sensitivity to very thin cirrus.
• Daytime water/ice cloud delineation. (used for
  aircraft routing)
• Daytime cloud/snow discrimination.
• Based on AVHRR/3 and MODIS experience.

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ABI (1.61 ?m)Example of MAS 0.66, and 1.61
Visible
1.61 um

• During the day, the 1.61 ?m detects clouds that
  the 0.66 ?m doesnt.

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ABI (3.9 ?m)Based on GOES Imager Ch 2useful for
fog, snow, cloud, and fire detection
5 March 2001 - Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the
Northern Plains
GOES-10 4 minus 11 µm Difference
ABI 4 minus 11 µm Difference
Both images are shown in the GOES projection.
Fog
UW/CIMSS
ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in
structure of fog.
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Utility of the 0.86 ?m band

• Helps in determining vegetation amount, aerosols
  and for ocean/land studies.
• Enables localized vegetation stress monitoring,
  fire danger monitoring, and albedo retrieval.
• Provides synergy with the AVHRR/3.

SCARB_0.85um
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Now using high spectral resolution visible/near
IR AVIRIS data for ABI band width sensitivity
studies.
NDVI from AVIRIS (Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index) Narrow 0.86um
Proposed narrow 0.86um channel minimizes
atmospheric absorption effects
AVIRIS data and tool made available at the 2nd
NOAA Hyper-spectral meeting hosted by MIT/LL
Wide 0.86um channel encounters atmospheric
absorption
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NDVI from AVIRIS (Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index) Narrow 0.86um
Proposed narrow 0.86um channel minimizes
atmospheric absorption effects
Histogram of NDVI differences using the wide and
narrow simulated ABI 0.86um bands.The NDVI
difference values were computed wrt single
wavelength values. The narrow band has half the
magnitude of differences than the wide band.
Wide 0.86um channel encounters atmospheric
absorption
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MODIS Detects Burn Scars in Louisiana
01 September 2000-- Pre-burning
17 September 2000-- Post-burning
ABI will allow for diurnal characterizations of
burn areas, this has implications for re-growth
patterns.
CIMSS, UW
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GOES Visible Cannot Detect Burn Scars
01 September 2000-- Pre-burning
17 September 2000-- Post-burning
The GOES visible channel (0.52 - 0.72 µm) does
not delineate the burn scars. However, the 0.85
µm channel on MODIS was able to detect the burn
scars. This is another reason to include a second
visible channel (0.81 - 0.91 µm) on the Advanced
Baseline Imager (ABI).
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Notice the selected bandwidth (red) in relation
to the rapid increase of transmitted radiance
towards wavelengths shorter than 1.38 ?m.
ABI 0.59-0.69um
Due to its location within an absorption band,
the 1.38 band will be used to detect (daytime)
clouds
ABI 1.365-1.395 um simulated from AVIRIS
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Utility of the 10.35 ?m band
- microphysical properties of clouds can be
determined. This includes a more accurate
determination of cloud particle size during the
day or night. - cloud particle size is related
to cloud liquid water content. - particle size
may be related to the enhanced V severe weather
signature. - surface properties can be observed
in conjunction with the 8.5, 11.2, and 12.3 ?m
bands. - low level moisture determinations are
enhanced with more split windows.
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Cloud particle size emerges in high resolution
IR window spectra Based on HIS data, ABI Chs 7,
8, 9 useful for effective radius
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ABI-12 (top bars) and MSG/SEVIRI (bottom bars)
Channels
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ABI Channel 7 (10.35 ?m)Examples of MAS 0.66,
10.5-11.0, and 8.6-10.5 umreveal utility of new
IR window for seeing through clouds to ice floes
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ABI (11.2 ?m)Based on GOES Sounder Ch 8
The many uses of the longwave infrared window
cloud images and properties, estimates of wind
fields, surface properties, rainfall amounts, and
hurricane and other storm location.
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Satellite-derived winds
Satellite-derived winds will be improved with the
ABI due to - higher spatial resolution (better
edge detection) - more frequent images (offers
different time intervals) - better cloud height
detection (with multiple bands) - new bands may
allow new wind products (1.38 ?m?) - better
NEdTs - better navigation/registration
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ABI (13.3 ?m)Based on GOES Sounder Ch 5 and
Imager Ch 6useful for cloud heights and heights
for winds
GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure
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ABI (13.3 ?m)Based on GOES Sounder Ch 5useful
for cloud heights and heights for winds
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AVIRIS data used to investigate ABI bands (AVIRIS
is a hyper-spectral imager covering 0.4 to 2.4
µm)
SCAR-B scene of 0.59-0.69 um
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SCARB_0.85um
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On-board visible calibration - On-board
visible calibration was requested by N. Rao. -
The NWS requested visible calibration. -
Especially important with multiple visible
bands. - The vicarious calibrations would be
used to check the on-board corrections. - Even
for qualitative uses the current GOES visible
sensor degrades over time. - On-board GOES
imager visible would improve weather images.
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Visible images in AWIPS
On-board visible calibration would reduce
satellite-to-satellite differences
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Summary -- ABI

• ABI addresses NWS Imager concerns by
• increasing spatial resolution
• - closer to NWS goal of 0.5 km IR
• scanning faster
• - temporal sampling improved
• - more regions scanned
• adding bands
• - new and/or improved products enabled
• Simulations (from MODIS and AVIRIS) of the ABI
  show that the 12 channel version addresses NWS
  requirements for improved cloud, moisture, and
  surface products.
• Every product that is being produced from the
  current GOES imager will be improved with data
  from the ABI!
• Plus, ABI will allow exciting new products from
  geostationary orbit.

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More information can be found at

• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/modis1/modis1.html
• http//rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/goes.html
• GOES Gallery
• Biomass Burning
• http//www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/html/c3/sec3-0.
  htm
• NOAA KLM User's Guide
• http//www.eumetsat.de/en/
• MSG..System..MSG..Payload..Spectral
  bands..Spectral bands

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Linden_shadow_1.581_1.640um
Shadow
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Linden_vegetation_0.831_0.889
Vegetation
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Linden_0.577_0.696_um
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0.537_0.567 um
Smoke
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Linden_haze_0.439_0.498um
Smoke
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Linden 2.232_2.291um Fires
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ABI Simulations Average 1-km MODIS data to 2-km
spacing, apply blurring function (Point Spread
Function)
Point Spread Function (affects sharpness) GOES
Imager (left) and ABI (right) for IR Window
PSF data provided by MIT/LL
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Acronyms

• ABI -- Advanced Baseline Imager
• AGS -- Advanced Geostationary Studies
• AVHRR -- Advanced Very High Resolution
  Radiometer
• CIMSS -- Cooperative Institute for
  Meteorological Satellite Studies
• GLI -- Global Imager
• HIS -- High-resolution Interferometer Sounder
• MAS -- MODIS Airborne Simulator
• MODIS -- MODerate-resolution Imaging
  Spectrometer
• MSG -- Meteosat Second Generation
• NWS -- National Weather Service
• GOES -- Geostationary Operational Environmental
  Satellite
• SEVIRI -- Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra
  Red Imager
• VIRS -- Visible Infrared Scanner

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GOES Sounder Total Ozone determinations
UW/CIMSS