China and Its Neighbors

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China and Its Neighbors

• Ch. 6
• Pgs. 160-186

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Section 1

• Land and Economy

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China

• Officially called the Peoples Republic of China
• 3rd largest country in terms of lands size
• Slightly larger than the U.S.

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Land and Climate

• Mountains cover 1/3rd of the country
• Himalaya, Kunlun Shan, Tian Shan, and Altay
• Plateau of Tibet
• Called the roof of the world
• Worlds largest plateau
• Turpan depression 505ft below sea level
• Filled with salt lakes
• Hottest area of China

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Land and Climate cont.

• Gobi desert
• Desert made of rocks and stones
• Fertile plains
• On the eastern and southern coasts
• Most people in China live here

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Rivers

• Yangtze, Yellow, Xi
• Serve as important transportation routes
• Source of soil from floods

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Yellow river

• Called Chinas sorrow
• Floods have killed thousands and caused much
  damage
• Built dams and dikes (high banks of soil) to
  control the flooding

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3 Gorges Dam

• Built across the Yangtze River

• Helps
• control flooding
• Allow large ships to travel inland (reduce trade
  costs)
• Hydro electric power

• Problems
• Reservoir will flood more than 100 towns
• 1.2 million people will be forced to move
• Wash away 1,000 historical sites
• Underwater industrial sites could leak hazardous
  wastes
• Pollutants from towns could leak into the
  reservoir

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Unsteady Land

• Ring of Fire
• Pacific Coastal areas with volcanoes and frequent
  earthquakes
• Eastern China lies on a fault or crack in the
  earths crust
• Causes many earthquakes

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Communist State

• Communist since 1949
• Government has strong control over the economy
  and society
• Government officials decide what crops are grown,
  what products are made, and what prices are
  charged

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A New Economy

• China discovered that communism had many problems
• Behind in technology
• Manufactured goods were poor in quality
• Leaders have taken steps to make the economy
  stronger
• Allowed some free enterprise systems
• Government allows individuals to choose jobs,
  start their own businesses, grow crops they want,
  and keep profits they make.
• Result, Chinas economy has boomed

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Foreign Trade

• China asks other countries to invest or put money
  into businesses
• Many companies are owned by both Chinese and
  foreign investors
• Benefits
• Pay Chinese workers less
• Large population millions of possible customers

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Results of Growth

• More people in China are able to get a job in
  manufacturing and service industries
• Wages have increased
• Better standard of living
• Can afford some consumer goods
• TV
• Car
• Motorcycle

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Problems with Growth

• Not everyone has adjusted to the new economy
• Prices are rising faster than incomes
• Has hurt the environment
• Factories dump chemicals into the rivers
• Burning coal causes air pollution
• Leads to lung disease (1 cause of death in China)

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Hong Kong and Macau

• Important cities to Chinas economic changes
• Both controlled by European countries
• Hong Kong Great Britain until 1997
• Macau Portugal until 1999
• One country, Two country system
• Promise to allow western freedoms and capitalism
  to exist side by side with Chinese communism

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Section 2

• Chinas people and culture

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Overview

• Chinas population 1.27 billion
• 1/5 of the worlds population
• 92 belong to the Han Chinese ethnic group
• 8 belong to 55 other ethnic groups mostly in
  western China
• Struggle to protect their traditions from the Han
  Chinese

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Chinas History

• 4,000 year old civilization
• Until the early 1900s emperors and empresses
  ruled China
• Dynasty line of rulers from a single family
• Would hold power until overthrown and a new
  dynasty would begin
• Under the dynasties China built a highly
  developed civilization

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Great Wall

• Chinese tried to keep foreign invaders out
• Most borders are natural barriers
• Deserts, seas and mountains
• To defend northern border the Great Wall was
  started 2,200 years ago
• Over the centuries the wall was lengthened and
  rebuilt
• It would eventually stretch 4,000 miles

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Culture

• Confucius or Kongfuzi (500 B.C.)
• Chinese thinker
• Be polite, honest, brave, and wise
• Children should obey parents
• Respect elderly
• Obey countries rulers

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Culture cont.

• Laozi
• Created Daoism
• People should live simply and in harmony with
  nature
• Buddhism
• Came to China from Central Asia (100 A.D.)
• Prayer, right thoughts, and good deeds can help
  relieve people from lifes problems
• China now has a mixture of Confucius, Daoism, and
  Buddhism

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Inventions

• Paper
• Silk
• Magnetic Compass
• Printing Press
• Gun Powder
• Fireworks

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Communist China

• During 1700s and 1800s foreign countries used
  military power to force China to trade
• Wanted tea, silks, and pottery
• Great Britain and other European countries

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Communist China cont.

• 1911 Chinese began to feel that the emperor was
  too weak
• Uprising occurred led by western educated Dr. Sun
  Yat-sen
• Emperor was overthrown and China became a
  republic with elected leaders

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Communist China cont.

• Disorder followed
• Fighting broke out after WWII between
  Nationalists and Communists
• Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek
• Communists led by Mao Zedong
• 1949 Communists won and created the Peoples
  Republic of China
• Nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan and set
  up their own government there.

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Chinas Government

• In 1949 Communists completely changed the
  mainland of China
• All land and factories were now owned by the
  government
• Dams and agricultural improvements brought some
  economic benefits
• Many individual freedoms were lost
• Many were killed for opposing Communism

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Chinas Government cont.

• Mao died in 1976
• Deng Xiaoping was successor to Mao
• Allowed people to have more economic freedoms
• Government still denied many economic freedoms
  and would act harshly against any opposition
• In 1989 in Tiananmen Square thousands of students
  protested the government calling for democracy.
  The government responded with a military force
  that killed hundreds and arrested thousands

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Chinas Government cont.

• Countries around the world have protested Chinas
  treatment of its people
• Pushes for human rights and basic freedoms
• Some countries even threaten to refuse to trade
  with the Chinese

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Tibet

• Tibet was once a separate Buddhist kingdom until
  China took control in the 1950
• People of Tibet have demanded independence
• The Dalai Lama (Buddhist leader of Tibet) was
  exiled to India
• Exile- when a person is unable to live in their
  own country due to their political beliefs

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Rural Life

• 64 of Chinas people live in rural areas
• Often use hand tools
• Life in villages is improving

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Urban life

• More than 460 million people live in cities
• People are leaving farms and going to the cities
  in hopes of finding better pay
• Very crowded
• Most homes have heat, electricity, and water
• More leisure time to do recreational activities

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Chinas Culture

• Famous for its traditional arts
• Painting
• Sculpture
• Architecture
• Calligraphy- beautiful writing
• There are more than 50,000 characters in the
  Chinese language
• Average person knows only around 5,000

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Chinas Culture

• Porcelain is made from coal dust and white clay
• Pagodas- Many storied Buddhist towers

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Food

• Foods differ from region to region
• Typical meal includes vegetables with meat or
  fish and rice or noodles
• Soup often used as well

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Section 3

• Chinas Neighbors

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Taiwan

• Has one of the worlds most prosperous economies
• High technology industries- computers
• Agriculture
• Rice
• Sugarcane
• Citrus fruits
• Tea
• soybeans

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Taiwans history

• Part of China for centuries
• 1895 Japan took the island over
• Developed economy but harsh to people
• Returned to China after Japan was defeated in
  WWII
• 1949 Chinese Nationalists and 1.5 million
  refugees came to Taiwan to escape Communist rule
• Still calls itself a Chinese country and a
  Chinese province
• Some would like to see it become independent

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Taiwans People

• Population 22.5 million
• 75 of people live in cities
• Taipei the capital city is the most populous city
  with 2.6 million

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Mongolia

• Landlocked country
• Much of the country is covered by steppes
• Dry treeless plains at the edge of deserts
• Land of extremes
• Very little rain fall
• Dust storms
• Hot summers
• Freezing winters

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Mongolias people

• People were nomads for centuries
• Tend sheep, goats, cattle, or camels
• Famous for horse riding skills
• 85 of the people are Mongols
• Speak Mongol
• 60 live in urban areas
• Ulaanbaatar capital and most populous city

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History

• Known as fierce fighters in the past
• 1200 Genghis Khan led the mongol armies in a
  series of war to create the largest empire in
  history
• Stretched from China all the way to eastern
  Europe
• 1300s empire weakened and fell apart
• 1924 Mongolia gained its independence from China
• Created a Communist satellite of the USSR
• Became a democracy in 1990

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Culture

• Some still live a nomadic life style
• Live in yurts
• Large round tents made from animal skin
• Favorite meal is boiled sheeps meat with rice and
  tea
• Naadam Festival
• Biggest event of the year
• Consists of events such as archery, horse racing,
  and wrestling
• Buddhism is the major religion

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