Digital%20Library

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Digital Library

• The networked collections of digital text,
  documents, images, sounds, scientific data, and
  software that are the core of todays Internet
  and tomorrows universally accessible digital
  repositories of all human knowledge

The Presidents Information Technology Advisory
Committee
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Information Collection
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Traditional Library
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• Digital Libraries have been positioned at the
  intersection of
• Library and Information Science
• Computer Science
• Networked System

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Digital Library
The networked collections of digital text,
documents, images, sounds, scientific data, and
software that are the core of todays Internet
and tomorrows universally accessible digital
repositories of all human knowledge
The Presidents Information Technology Advisory
Committee
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History of Digital Library

• Janus Digital Library,
• 1993, 105,000
• Digital Library Phase I, 1993-1998,
• 24 millions, 6 major projects
• Digital Library Phase II, 1998 now
• about 145 millions, about 30 projects each year

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Janus Digital Library
1993, 105000, electronic preservation
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Digital Library Phase I

• 1994-1998, 24 millions, 6 major projects

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1, Integrated Speed, Image and Language
Understanding for Creating Digital Video Library
Carnegie Mellon University. This is the only one
focused on Video Medium.
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2, Interoperation mechanisms among heterogeneous
services
Stanford University. This project is focused on
providing a uniform way to access a variety of
servers and information sources. --- InfoBus
Protocol.
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3, a prototype of a scalable, intelligent,
distributed electronic library
University of California at Berkeley. A prototype
for environmental information.
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4, Towards a Distributed Digital Library
University of California at Santa Barbara. This
project is about Digital Earth, a collection of
information about the world.
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5, Digital Library infrastructure for a
University Engineering Community
University of Illinois at Urbana_Champaign. It
provides effective access to engineering and
physics journal articles.
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6, Intelligent agents for information location
University of Michigan. Combines the traditional
library and internet technologies to provide the
best support for their users.
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Digital Library Phase II
Start from 1998, 145 million, about 30 projects
each year,
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The Theory of Digital Library

• In the earlier years, the theory of digital
  libraries was based on its structures and its
  behaviors.
• In 2001, Edward A. Fox from Virginia Polytechnic
  Institute and State University, propose the
  fundamental abstractions of Streams, Structures,
  Spaces, Scenarios and Societies (5S), the 5S
  theory.

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Structure and Behavior

• Hypertext
• Information Storage (Database System)
• Information Retrieval
• Multimedia Services
• Human Computer Interaction
• Program Language
• Interoperation

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Information Storage

• A digital library must be capable of storing
  a large amount of data in a variety of formats
  and be able to access this data as quickly as
  possible.
• lt1gt, Relational database,
• lt2gt, Active Database,
• lt3gt, Mobile Database,
• lt4gt, Multiple Database
• lt5gt, Object Oriented Database

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Relational Database
A relationship between the tables
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Active Database
An automatic reaction by event-condition-action
rules.
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Mobile Database

• Dynamic data and location, Currency Protocol

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Multiple Database

• A Multiple Database System consists of a
  collection of autonomous and heterogeneous local
  databases.

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Object-Oriented Database

• Object-oriented databases are designed to work
  well with object-oriented programming languages
  such Java, C, and C. This is because
  object-oriented databases used the same exact
  model as object-oriented programming languages.

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Information Retrieval

• Metadata searching
• Full-text searching
• Union search platform

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Metadata Searching

• Metadata data about data, structured data, data
  about Who, What, Where, When

Metadata tags Title, Creator, Subject,
Description, Publisher, Contributor, Date, Type,
Format, Identifier, Source, Language, Relation,
Coverage, Right. Metadata Attributes Name,
Identifier, Version, Registration, Authority,
Language, Definition, Obligation, Data Type,
Maximum Occurrence, Comment.
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Full-Text Searching

• This is a example of searching for the string,
  Visual basic, Oracle. It will search throughout
  a document to find a match.

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Union Search Platform

• Various providers produce the many types of
  database retrieval systems that exists today.
• End users want the ability to access different
  types of data using a universal interface.
• The solution to this problem is to create a new
  application that integrates multiple search
  requests into a union search platform.

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Problems

• 1, Why should each digital library start from
  scratch?
• 2, Interoperability across heterogeneous digital
  library systems.

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A Fundamental Digital Library Theory 5S theory
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Streams

• Definition A stream is a sequence whose
• codomain is a nonempty set.

• A sequence of abstract items, used to describe
  both static and dynamic content.
• It can be text, video, audio, or a software
  program.

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Structures

• Definition A structure is a tuple (G, L, F),
  where G (V, E) is a directed graph with vertex
  set V and edge set E, L is a set of label values,
  and F is a labeling function F (V ? E) ? L.

• A labeled directed graphs which imposes
  organization.
• Collection, catalog, hypertext, document,
  metadata, organizational tool.
• How is the information organize?

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Spaces

• Definition A space is a measurable space,
  measure space, probability space, vector space or
  a topological space.

• Contains rules to operate on the abstract items.
• User interface, index, retrieval model.
• Different logic and presentational properties.
  The operation of digital library components.

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Scenarios
Definition A scenario is a sequence of related
transition events (e1, e2, ,en) on state set S
such that ek (sk, sk1), for 1? k ? n.

• A sequences of events or actions in order to
  accomplish a functional requirement.
• Service, event, condition, action
• Communication between users and software
  developers.

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Societies

• Definition A society is a tuple (CR), where
• C c1, c2, ,cn is a set of conceptual
  communities.
• R r1,r2, ,rn is a set of relationships.

• A set of entities and activates, and the
  relationships between them.
• Community, managers, actors, classes,
  relationships, attributes, operations.
• Actors and managers act together to carry out the
  digital library behavior.

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Digital Library is a collection of digital object.

• Definition A digital library is a 4-tuple (R,
  DM, Serv, Soc), where
• R is a repository
• DM is a metadata catalog,
• Serv is a set of services containing at least
  services for indexing, searching, and browsing
• Soc is a society of users of the digital library.

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5S Language is an XML realization of the 5S model.
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Study Case
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NDLTD

• In Virginia Tech.
• 177 universities and 27 institutions in
  worldwide.
• A student creates a ETD file (Electronic Theses
  and Dissertation) from his or her theses and
  dissertation. The ETD file is then checked for
  formatting errors and quantity requirements. The
  ETD file is then cataloged and placed on a
  electronic bookshelf.

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lt1gt, Stream Model
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lt2gt, Structural Model
Electric Thesis and Dissertation Metadata
Structure
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This is a part of the code.
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lt3gt, Spatial Model
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lt4gt, Scenario Model
An example scenario of a searching service in an
NDLTD DL.
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lt5gt, Societal Model
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Digital Library Generation
Digital Library Generation Process with 5SL .
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5SGraph, A Domain-Specific Visual Modeling Tool
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Digital Library In a Box

• Simplifies and enables the creation of a digital
  library
• Can be developed with little or no programming
• Built with an interoperable design
• Creates a minimal digital library in less than
  an hour

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Open Digital Library
The goal is universal access to digital libraries
and information services.
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Report to the President Digital Libraries
Universal Access to Human knowledge
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Report to the President, Digital Libraries
Universal Access to Human knowledge
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Questions?