Unit 1: Navigation

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Unit 1 Navigation
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What is Navigation?

• Navigation is the process of monitoring and
  controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle
  from one place to another
• It involves
• Gathering information from sources
• Evaluating the information
• Making decisions based on the information

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• Navigation techniques vary with the type of
  vessel, conditions and the navigators experience
• Navigation is both a science and an art that
  takes knowledge, skill and practice

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Types of Navigation

• There are 6 main types of navigation
• Dead Reckoning
• Piloting
• Celestial Navigation
• Radio Navigation
• Radar Navigation
• Satellite Navigation

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1. Dead Reckoning (DR)

• the process of estimating your position by
  advancing a known position using course, speed,
  time and distance to be traveled.

In other words figuring out where you will be at
a certain time if you hold the speed, time and
course you plan to travel.
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2. Piloting

• Piloting involves navigating in restricted waters
  with frequent determination of position relative
  to geographic and hydrographic features.
• This method is used when in sight of land

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3. Celestial Navigation

• uses "sights," or angular measurements taken
  between a celestial body (the sun, the moon, a
  planet or a star) and the visible horizon to
  locate one's position on the globe, on land as
  well as at sea.

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4. Radio Navigation

• uses radio frequencies to determine position on
  Earth.
• The basic principles are measurements from/to
  electric beacons, especially
• Directions
• Distances
• Velocity (partly)

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5. Radar Navigation

• Uses a radar to determine the distance from or,
  bearing of, objects whose position is known.

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6. Satellite Navigation

• Uses artificial earth satellite systems, such as
  GPS, to determine position.

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Maps Charts
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Map

• A map is a visual representation of an area
• It represents selected features of the Earth's
  surface, drawn to scale.

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Maps Include

• The graphic representations on maps may consist
  of
• Lines and symbols of various colors
• Drawings of landforms
• Photographs with the additions of lines and
  colors to emphasize features
• Maps show land areas, political subdivisions, and
  topography.

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Scale

• Many, but not all, maps are drawn to a scale,
  expressed as a ratio such as 110,000
• This means that 1 of any unit of measurement on
  the map corresponds to 10,000 of that same unit
  on the ground.

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Political vs Physical Maps

• Most maps of the world or large areas are either
  political or physical
• Political maps show territorial borders
• Physical maps show features of geography such as
  mountains, soil type or land use

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Political Map of Canada
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Physical Map of Canada
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Charts

• A chart is a special-purpose map, generally
  designed for a form of navigation, such as sea
  navigation.
• A nautical chart is a graphic representation of a
  sea area and adjacent coastal regions.

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• Depending on the scale of the chart, it may show
• Depths of the water
• Heights of land
• Natural features of the seabed
• Details of coastline
• Navigational hazards
• Locations of natural and man-made navigational
  aids

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