The Great

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The Great
NEW
DEAL
Depression
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The Election of 1928

• (R) Herbert Hoover
• Food Administration WWI
• Secretary of Commerce
• (D) Al Smith (corner)
• Governor of New York
• 1st Irish Catholic to run for White House
• Advantage?
• Republican prosperity in the 1920s ensure easy
  victory for Hoover

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Causes of the Depression
Fewer goods are sold.
Demand drops.
The Spiral Of Depression
In order to stay in business companies cut wages
Companies are forced to cut costs by laying
people off
People lose their confidence start saving
their money
Demand drops even further.
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Stock Market Crash of 1929

• The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted on
  October 29, 1929.
• 14 billion was lost in one day.
• Stock Market will not recover for decades.
• Unofficial start of the Great Depression.

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Great Depression in the Cities

• In cities across the country people
• lost their jobs
• Were evicted from their houses
• Ended up living on the street.
• Shantytowns, soup kitchens and bread lines
  appeared

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People waiting in line for bread and soup and
also living out of their car.
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The Dust Bowl

• Farmers in the Midwest had over farmed the soil.
• Drought conditions led to 100 of acres of soil
  being blown away.
• These black blizzards lasted from 1933 to 1939.

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The Bonus Army

• WW I vets marched on Washington DC.
• Demanded the bonus that was due in 1945 be paid
  presently.

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Bonus Army in DC

• Congress refused their demands.
• Gen. MacArthur broke up the marchers and had
  their shanty town burned to the ground.
• Public relations disaster for President Hoover.

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The Election of 1932
FDR
Hoover
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What were we thinking?
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Key Quotes FDRs Inauguration Speech
This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our
greatest primary task is to put people to work.
I shall ask Congress for broad executive power to
wage was against the emergency.

• Link to
• Text of Speech
• Video

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Fireside Chats

• Series of radio addresses by FDR
• 30 total between 1933 to 1944
• FDR used these to calm American people down.
• CLICK on the radio to link to hear the 1st chat
  on the Bank Crisis

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FDR and the New Deal

• During the presidential campaign of 1932, FDR
  promised Americans a NEW DEAL.
• This would be his program to get America back on
  its feet.

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Goals of New Deal Program

• Relief
• Help people right away
• Recovery
• Get the US out of the Depression
• Reform
• Make sure another depression does not happen

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New Deal Relief

• Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)
• Civil Works Administration (CWA)
• Public Works Administration (PWA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Farm Credit Association (FCA)
• Homeowners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

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New Deal Recovery

• Works Progress Administration (WPA)
• National Recovery Administration (NRA)
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• National Youth Administration (NYA)
• Federal Housing Act (FHA)

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New Deal Reform

• Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC)
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
• Wagner Act (NLRB)
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
• Social Security

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Reversing the Spiral of Depression
Cycle of Prosperity!
Democrats called this Process Pump Priming
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FDR and the Supreme Court
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Court Packing.

• The Supreme Court struck down several New Deal
  laws as unconstitutional.
• FDR wanted to increase the size of the court from
  9 to 15.
• Would appoint justices who were pro-New Deal
• Congress did not agree with FDR.
• This hurt FDRs image.

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Huey Long

• FDR was NOT doing enough for the poor.
• Long pushed his Share Our Wealth program.
• Take all income over 1,000,000 to give
• House
• Car
• Annual Salary
• For all Americans

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Dr. Francis Townshend

• FDR was NOT doing enough for old people.
• Proposed a 200 a month pension to everyone over
  60.
• This was good for (2) reasons
• to boost economy
• Open a job up for a younger American

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Charles Coughlin

• FDR had NOT done enough.
• Fr. Coughlin felt that FDR did not take on the
  powerful bankers in the United States.
• Used the radio to blast FDR and became known as
  the Radio Priest.

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Liberty League

• FDR had gone TOO FAR with the New Deal.
• Interfering with business and peoples lives.
• Government was taking away freedoms from
  Americans.

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Social Security Act of 1935
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How is Social Security funded?
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Election of 1936
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Movies
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Radio

• October 30, 1938
• Orson Wells performed HG Wells classic over the
  radio.
• Made Wells famous
• Caused a panic because people thought Martians
  were invading
• Link to listen to the radio broadcast.

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Grant Wood

• Famous painting entitled American Gothic.
• Best known for his paintings depicting the rural
  American Midwest.

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Woody Guthrie

• Folk singer during the Depression
• His personal and musical styles were deeply
  influenced by his childhood in rural Oklahoma
  during the Great Depression years.
• This Land is Your Land famous song
• CLICK HERE to listen to song on YouTube

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The Grapes of Wrath

• Classical novel written by John Steinbeck in
  1939.
• Focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers
• Driven from their home by the drought
• They head to California looking for a better life

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What will end the Great Depression?

• Americas entry into World War II