Geography

1
Geography

• Greece is a peninsula about the size of Louisiana
  in the Mediterranean Sea.
• Its very close to Egypt, the Persian empire
  (includes Turkey) and Rome.

2
Greek geography

• Greece is mountainous which allowed the
  city-states to be independent,
• Which caused problems (war).

3
Technology results from necessity

• Since Greek coastal cities were sandwiched
  between the ocean and the sea, they developed an
  awesome navy for trading and fighting.

4
Technology results from scarcity

• All cities need fresh water. This is a Greek
  aqueduct, basically a brick water pipe.
• Transported water from the mountains rivers to
  the cities.

5
Greek Architecture

• Greeks invented arches and columns.
• This obviously took advanced mathematics.

6
Athens
7
Different Values

• Spartan Values
• Strength
• Duty
• Discipline

• Athenian Values
• Individuality
• Beauty
• Freedom

8
Population

• Sparta
• 8,000 adult males
• Over 100,000 slaves and semi-enslaved people

• Athens
• By 432 B.C. largest city-state
• 250,000 Athenians
• 50,000 foreigners and 100,000 slaves

9
Athens vs. Sparta

• Sparta

• Athens

• Intellectuals focused on individual beliefs in
  the government
• Democracy
• Women uneducated were to take care of the home.
• Slaves were well treated could purchase their
  own freedom

• Focused on creating war building up strength to
  fight.
• Oligarchy
• Women taught to read write, trained to fight
  like men
• Slaves were well treated but out numbered the
  number of Spartan citizens.

10
Macedonia and Alexander the Great
In 338 B.C. King Phillip II of Macedonia led his
army from the north and conquered Greece. After
his death his son, Alexander the Great, went on
to conquer the entire Greek world.
11
Macedonia

• Philip II saw the weakened state of Greece
• He valued Greek culture his son Alexander was
  educated in Athens
• He took over Greece before any other power could
• Was Persia next?

12
Alexander the Great

• Philip died before attacking Persia
• His son, Alexander, took over and Persia fell to
  his armies
• Alexander went on to control areas in the Middle
  East and Asia

13
Alexanders Empire