Infection

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Infection
Tumors Grafts
Specificity Memory Tolerance
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IMMUNITY

• innate resistance gt 95
• Ab in eggs
• protective memory via Ab (vaccines)
• TB no vaccine
• autoimmunity gt 30 y, female gt male 5 1

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B cell Ab responses

• local mucosal IgAno T / LN / Peyer
• Ag LPS IgM (no TH)
• intact virus IgM (no TH)
• serotypes
• monomeric Ag obligatory TH

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reverse genetic glycoprotein exchange between
LCMV and VSV
rLCMV/INDG
rVSV/LCMV-GP
glycoprotein LCMV-GP
glycoproteinIND-G
LCMV
VSV-IND
glycoprotein LCMV-GP
glycoproteinIND-G
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Only VSVG expressing viruses induce a
neutralizing antibody response
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Immunological memoryQuicker (earlier) Greater
(better) responses
Immunity Protection against disease by
reinfection
First infection kills host No memory needed Host
survives first infection Memory not needed
neither
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No protection by Memory B cells but protection by
immune serum in IFN-aBR_/_ against VSV
VSVIND immune spleen cells TB LCMV
immune spleen cells VSVIND Ab
Anti-VSV neutr. AB lt 1 40 lt 1
40 lt 1 2500
Survivors 0 0 100
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Maintenance of protection

• 1. Agent persists TB, leprosy, HIV, HCV, LCMV
• Herpes viruses
• crippled measles
• 2. Repetitive inf. polio, bact. toxins
• 3. Antibody-antigen complex depots in lymph
  nodes and spleens

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• Vaccines
• Successpox, polioIgGmeasles, mumps IgA, IgG
• No successTB, leprosy, HIV Ig T cells

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Poliomyelitis age distribution in Massachusetts
1912 1952
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Memory / Pregnant Female

• Academic earlier higher (AG )
• Immune against cytopathic infectionsotherwise
  abortions / malformations
• MHC-incompatibility offspringmother imm.
  suppr. / offspr. imm. incomp.
• Maternal antibodies attenuate acute
  infectionsphysiological vaccinations (incl.
  malaria, eggs)
• Non-cytophatic infections transferred via
  placenta / at birth / after birth (LCMV, HCV,
  Herpes)
• Resistance via T cells HIV, HTV, TB Lepr. slow
• "Emerging" infections

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Exempl.
Peripheral solid organs
Peripheral lymphatic organs
Generalized hematogenic spread
Imm. resp.
Ignor.
Papill. V perif. self
Protect.
Polio V Infl.
Antigen dose
Infect. imm.
TB, HBV, HIV
Exhaust. deletion
HCV, LDV (HIV, LCMV)
7 gt100
7 gt100
7 gt100
Time of antigen availability (days)
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H. Hengartner

• A. Althage
• M. Bachmann
• Th. Kündig
• A. Ciurea
• U. Karrer
• Hunziker
• Recher
• Pinschewer
• C. de la Torre

• A. Ochsenbein
• B. Ludewig
• M. Pericin
• HP. Roost
• St. Freigang
• M. Martinic
• Th. Rülicke
• Odermatt
• M. Whitt