Key Terms

1
Key Terms Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns

• Central Europe
• Poland
• Ottoman Empire
• Holy Roman Empire
• The Hapsburgs
• Charles VI
• Pragmatic Sanction
• Prussia
• The Hohenzollerns

• Frederick I
• Frederick William
• Frederick the Great
• Maria Theresa
• Seven Years' War
• Treaty of Paris

2
Central Europe at a Glance
3
Central Europe

• Central Europe was composed of three weak empires
  and two massive ones.
• All of these empires lagged behind the Western
  European Empires of France, Britain, Spain and
  Portugal.
• These empires sought to build land empires rather
  than empires by sea.
• Most of the smaller empires would absorb each
  other or grow stronger via alliance.

4
The Ottoman Empire

• Had reached its greatest height under the reign
  of Suleiman the Magnificent
• Held territories ranging from the Middle East to
  Hungary at its height.
• Its last, best chance to govern over Europe was
  turned away in Vienna in the 17th Century

5
The Holy Roman Empire

• Consisted of 300 smaller states that refused
  unification for a large period of time
• Would attempt to be unified under Prussian rule
  initially but would be turned away
• Territory was rich in resources but the lack of
  unity caused this empire to fall apart slowly
  after the Wars of Religion

6
Poland

• Country that was considered weak due to its poor
  and inefficient government system
• Country was run by diets (small legislatures) and
  their rulers were selected from outside of the
  country to prevent the nobility from gaining too
  much power.

7
The Hapsburgs

• Ruled Austria since the 1400's
• Controlled many different ethnic and religious
  groups
• Would be able to control all of the people within
  Austria because of the constant dynastic rule of
  the Hapsburgs

8
Charles VI

• Presided over Austria during the War of Spanish
  Succession
• Was able to acquire new territories in Belgium
  which led to the division of Austria into three
  different territories
• Austria
• Bohemia
• Hungary

9
Charles VI and the Hapsburgs

• With his health failing, Charles sought to ensure
  that the Hapsburg dynasty would continue its rule
  in Austria
• Considering his only heir was a female, Maria
  Theresa, many countries refused her rule and
  threatened to secede from the empire
• Charles VI would force these areas and countries
  to sign the Pragmatic Sanction
• Legally gave Maria Theresa control over all
  Hapsburg landholdings and clearly stated her as
  queen of the Austrian kingdom

10
Prussia

• Built by the Hohenzollern dynasty
• Greatest landholding was Brandenburg
• Ruling prince of Prussia was one of seven
  electors who selected the Holy Roman Emperor
• Prussia would be built on the backs of its strong
  rulers and would become future Germany

11
Frederick I (1701-1713)

• Would be the first king of the Kingdom of Prussia
• Was responsible for building up Prussia's
  infrastructure
• Would have E. Prussia recognized as a kingdom
• Would consolidate all other Prussian landholdings
  under the name Prussia

12
Frederick William I (1713-1740)

• Known as the soldier-king
• Believed that the military was the most important
  aspect of Prussia that needed to be built up
• Would form alliances with other countries to
  prevent using his own troops
• Managed to avoid being involved in any wars and
  left a surplus of money in the treasury upon his
  death.

13
Frederick II the Great (1740-1786, technically.)

• Was considered an enlightened despot
• Oversaw the largest growth of power in Prussia
• Was responsible for acquiring Silesia from
  Austria and Maria Theresa
• Oversaw the First Partition of Poland along with
  Maria Theresa and Catherine the Great

14
Maria Theresa, (1745-1780)

• Held numerous titles after the death of her
  father Charles VI up to and including Holy Roman
  Empress, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of
  Bohemia, Croatia, Saxony and other countries
• Her reign was repudiated by other countries
  including France which led to the War of Austrian
  Succession
• Had sixteen children including Marie Antoinette

15
The Austrian Invasion

• Upon acceding to the throne, Maria Theresa would
  be attacked by Frederick the Great
• Frederick would be joined by other countries,
  including France, in his attempt to remove Maria
  Theresa from power and claim portions of Austria
• Maria Theresa would ask Hungary for assistance
  and would manage to only lose Silesia to Prussia
  via the Treaty of Aix-La Chapelle

16
The Seven Years' War

• The Seven Years' War would begin and involve
  practically all of the major powers in the world.
• It would be known as the French and Indian War as
  well over in North America
• The war would begin due to issues between Britain
  and France over colonial landholdings and Prussia
  and Austria over the Prussian invasion and
  attempts to acquire Silesia
• The British would ally with Prussia, while the
  Austrians would ally with the French

17
Results of the Seven Years' War

• The Treaty of Paris would end the fighting
  between France and Britain
• Britain acquires New France and takes away
  portions of France's overseas empire in Asia
• The Treaty of Hubertusburg ended the fighting
  between Austria and Prussia
• Prussia retains Silesia