Chapter 7 Vocab

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Chapter 7 Vocab

• Immigration and Urbanization

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New Immigrants

• People who immigrated to the US beginning in the
  1870s.
• Typically from S. and E. Europe, were typically
  unskilled, poor, Catholic or Jewish, and likely
  to settle in cities.

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Ellis Island

• A small island in New York Harbor that served as
  the processing center for immigrants arriving on
  the east coast after 1892.

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Angel Island

• Processing center for immigrants arriving to the
  west coast of the US after 1910.

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Nativism

• A preference for native-born people and a desire
  to limit immigration.
• Part II and III on your own.

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Chinese Exclusion Act

• 1882-This law barred Chinese immigration for 10
  years and prevented the Chinese already in the
  country from becoming citizens.
• Renewed in 1892, and made permanent in 1902 it
  was not repealed until 1943.

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Gentlemans Agreement

• Agreement made between Teddy Roosevelt and Japan.
  Agreed to end segregation of Japanese immigrants
  in American schools if Japan would limit the
  emigration of its citizens to the United States.

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Urbanization

• Rise in the number of people living in cities at
  the turn of the century.

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Tenements

• Low cost multi-family housing designed to squeeze
  in as many families as possible.

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Gilded Age/ Mark Twain

• Depicted American society as gilded, or having a
  rotten core covered with gold paint.
• Coined by Mark Twain.
• Refers to the end of the 19th century.

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Consumerism

• People want and buy many new products that they
  dont need.
• Result of more people working for wages.
• Part II and III on your own.

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Mass Culture

• Americans all across the country become more and
  more alike in their consumption patterns.
• Result of better communication and
  transportation.
• Part II and III on your own.

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Todays assignment

• What is Urbanization? (in your own words)
• Causes of urbanization
• Technological improvements
• Effects of urbanization
• Read the primary source documents on urbanization
  and identify major problems
• Then fill out the political toonbe sure to
  write a caption!

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Spoils System/ Patronage

• Government jobs go to supporters of the winning
  party in an election.
• Many people believe that this system prevents the
  government from addressing the nations issues
  and corrupts those who work fro the government.

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Pendleton Civil Service Act

• Creates a Civil Service Commission to make rules
  about how people gain Civil Service jobs.
• Under the Pendleton Act, candidates competed for
  jobs through examinations, and appointments could
  only be made from the list of people who took the
  exams.
• Once appointed, a civil service official could
  not be removed for political reasons.

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Political Machine

• Organized group that controlled the activities of
  a political party in a city and offered services
  to voters and businesses in exchange for
  political of financial support.

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Tammany Hall/ William Marcy Tweed

• Tammany Hall Corrupt Democratic political
  machine in NYC.
• William Marcy Tweed One of the earliest and most
  powerful bosses, became head of Tammany Hall in
  1868.