Unit 4 Europe

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Unit 4 Europe

• Introduction

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Physical Features
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Landforms

• Europe stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the
  Ural Mts. And from the Arctic Ocean to the
  Mediterranean Sea.
• Islands
• Great Britain
• Ireland
• Iceland

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Peninsulas

• Scandinavian
• Iberian
• Italian
• Balkan

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Four Major Landform Regions

• Northwest Highlands
• Northern European Plain
• Central Uplands
• Alpine Mountain System

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Northwest Highlands

• Ancient eroded region of rugged hills and low
  mountains
• Includes the hills of Ireland and England,
  Scottish Highlands and mountains of Scandinavia,
  Northwest France, and parts of iberian Peninsula.

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Northern European Plain

• Stretches from Frances Atlantic coast to the Ural
  Mts.
• Mostly less than 500 ft above sea level.
• Many rivers, river towns, and port cities.
• Europes most important farming and industrial
  area.

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Central Uplands

• Stretches Northeastward across Southern Germany
  to the Bohemian Highlands.
• Area of hills and small plateaus, with forested
  slopes and fertile valleys.
• Includes Massif Central of France and Jura
  Mountains.
• Old eroded region with low, rounded mountains and
  hills.

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Alpine Mountain System

• Stretch from Frances Mediterranean coast to the
  Balkan Peninsula.
• Large, peaked mountains up to 14,000 feet.
• Large snowfields and glaciers.
• Avalanches are common.

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Water

• Europe is nearly surrounded by water.
• Hundreds of good, natural harbors.
• Most are located near the mouths of navigable
  rivers.
• The Rhine and Danube are Europes most important
  rivers.

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Climates

• Three major climate types
• Marine West Coast
• Humid Continental
• Mediterranean
• Other smaller climate
• Tundra
• Subarctic
• Humid Subtropical
• Semiarid

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North Atlantic Drift

• Warm ocean current.
• Originates off the coast of North America and is
  fed by tropical waters of the Gulf Stream
• Western Europe enjoys relatively mild climates
  compared to the rest of Europe because of the
  North Atlantic Drift.

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Plants and Animals

• Human activities and pollution have severely
  affected wildlife.
• Many animals have become extinct.
• Some animals only thrive in protected areas.

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Natural Resources

• Most original forests were cleared centuries ago.
• Causes
• Clearing
• Overgrazing
• Pollution/Acid Rain
• Good soils for farming.
• Lemons
• Oranges
• Many different vegetables

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• Other crops
• Grapes
• Olives
• Potatoes
• Wheat

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Energy and Minerals

• Relies heavily on imports
• Lack sufficient supplies of critical natural
  resources.
• Oil, iron and other metals.
• Oil and natural gas deposits beneath the North
  Sea.