Cells

1
Cells
Building blocks of life!
2
Cell Discovery

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Early 1600s
• Saw tiny organisms in pond water

• Robert Hooke
• 1665
• Saw tiny chambers in cork tissue
• Termed the tiny chambers cells

3
Cell Theory

• Three components
• All living things are composed of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
  function in living things.
• New cells are produced from existing cells.

4
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

• Smaller, simpler
• NO nucleus
• Bacteria
• Meet characteristics of life
• Include cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material

• All contain Nuclei
• Most contain organelles
• Unicellular or multicellular organisms
• Animal, Fungi, Protist, Plant Cells

5
Cell Organelles
6
Make a T-Chart in your notes

• For the cell organelles, make a T-chart in your
  notes by drawing a line down the middle of your
  paper.
• Title the RIGHT side Cell Organelle Names
• Title the LEFT side Functions/jobs

7
Animal Cell Organelles
8
Plant Cell
Plant Cell Organelles
9
Cell Membrane

• Protection and Boundary
• - Skin of the cell

10
Cell Wall

• Stronger layer outside of cell membrane
• Support Protect
• Found in Plants, some Protists, Fungi
  Prokaryotes
• Not found in animals

11
Cytoplasm Centriole
Cytoplasm

• Located between cell membrane nuclear membrane
• Fills space in cell

Centriole

• Helps organize microtubules during cell division.

12
Nucleus

• Nuclear Membrane

-Surrounds Nucleus -Protection, Boundary from
Cytoplasm
-Control Center -Contains DNA -3 Components

• Nucleolus

-Makes ribosomes -inner nucleus

• Nuclear Pore

-Hole in Nuclear Membrane -Allows materials in
and out of nucleus
13
Chromatin
-Genetic material made of DNA proteins -coils
up to be chromosomes -in nucleus
14
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Internal membrane system
• Assembles components (lipids) of the cell
  membrane (Smooth ER)
• Modifies proteins (Rough ER)

Ribosomes

• made of RNA proteins
• Assembled in nucleolus
• Make proteins

15
Golgi Apparatus
-Stores and moves products made in the ER (ie.
Proteins)
16
Lysosome

• Stores enzymes to digests fats, carbs, proteins
• Breaks down old cell parts

17
Vacuole

• Primarily found in Plants
• Sac-like structure
• Stores water and products
• Tiny vacuoles (called vesicles) are found in
  animal cells

18
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis Found in
plants some protists.
-Contains Chlorophyll -Uses sunlight, carbon
dioxide, water to make food aka.
photosynthesis
19
Mitochondria

• Converts food molecules into energy (the
  powerhouse)
• does process of cellular respiration
• Found in PLANTS animals
• Contain their own DNA (inherit from Mom).