Sources of Radiation

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• Sources of Radiation

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• Sources of Radiation

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• Measurement of Radiation
• Absorbed dose 1 Gy 1 J/kg
• Depends on beam energy and type of absorbing
  material
• Quality factor and effective dose Sv Gy QF

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• Effects of Radiation
• Cells in mammals contain 70 water
• Radiation in water produces H2O, H2O and e-
• H2O H2O ? H3O OH
• H2O ? H2O e- or H OH

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• Effects of Radiation
• Biological Effects
• Direct initial action of radiation (ex. DNA
  ionization)
• Indirect later chemical actions (ex. OH attacks
  DNA)
• Stochastic statistical risk (elevated cancer
  levels)
• Deterministic casual relationship (skin
  reddening)

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• Effects of Radiation

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• Effects of Radiation
• Sources of Human Data
• Life span study of survivors at Hiroshima and
  Nagasaki
• X rays used to shrink thymus glands in children
  1930-40s
• X rays used to treat ringworm of the scalp
  1940-50s
• Radium dial painters 1920s
• Uranium miners
• Accidents Bomb test fallout (1954), Chernobyl
  (1986)

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• Effects of Radiation
• Acute radiation syndrome
• Delayed effects
• Cancer
• Shortened Lifespan
• Cataracts
• Genetic mutations

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• Applications of Radiation
• Agriculture preserving food, pest control
• Industry thickness of materials, leak
  detection, sterilization of medical supplies
• Medicine xrays, CAT or CT scans, radionuclide
  injection
• Space Exploration fuel sources