Learning%20Objectives:

1
Population Pyramids

• Learning Objectives
• To be able to identify key features of a
  population pyramid and describe what they show
  about a population.
• Starter Word Match next slide.

2
Starter Match up the key words with the correct
definitions.
birth rate the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births.
death rate the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics.
natural increase the number of births per 1000 people in a year.
infant mortality rate is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage.
Life expectancy the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.
3
Starter Match up the key words with the correct
definitions.
the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births.
the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics.
the number of births per 1000 people in a year.
is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage.
the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.
4
Starter Match up the key words with the correct
definitions.
Infant Mortality the annual number of deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births.
Life Expectancy the number of years that an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics.
Birth Rate the number of births per 1000 people in a year.
Natural Increase is the number of extra people (birth rate minus the death rate). This is usually given as a percentage.
Death Rate the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year.
5
Can you explain this graph?
6
Population Structure

• The population structure of a country is how it
  is made up of people of different ages, and of
  males and females.
• The common method to show the structure is by a
  population pyramid. This diagram is made up by
  putting two bar graphs (one for male, one for
  female) side by side.
• From this you can read off what percentage of a
  population is of a certain gender and age range.

7
Population Structure - Developing Countries
(LEDCs)

• In the example below 4 of the population are
  females aged between 25 and 29.

8

• This population pyramid is wide at the base,
  which means there are a large proportion of young
  people in the country. It tapers very quickly as
  you go up into the older age groups, and is
  narrow at the top. This shows that a very small
  proportion of people are elderly.
• This shape of pyramid is typical of a developing
  country, such as Kenya or Vietnam.

9
Population Structure - Developed Countries
(MEDCs)

• This shape is typical of a developed country. It
  is narrow at the base, wider in the middle, and
  stays quite wide until the very top, as there is
  a sizable percentage of older people. Note that
  there are more old women than men. Italy and
  Japan have population structures that are of this
  shape.

10
This pyramid is typical of a country such as Kenya or Vietnam. Narrower at the base which means that birth rates are lower.
Developing Country Wide at the base which means there are a large proportion of young people in the country.
Wide at the top because there is longer life expectancy. 4 of the population is female aged 25-29.
Narrow at the top which shows that there is a small proportion of elderly people. Wider in the middle which means that people are living longer, less infant mortality.
Developed Country This pyramid is typical of a country such as Italy and Japan.
11
Progress?

• 8-10 statements correct
• 5-7 statements correct
• 1-4 statements correct

Learning Objective 1. To be able to identify the
key features of a population pyramid.
12
Task 1 Identify key features
Narrow at the top which shows that there is a
small proportion of elderly people.
Wider in the middle which means that people are
living longer, less infant mortality.
Wide at the top because there is longer life
expectancy.
4 of the population is female aged 25-29.
Developing Country (LEDCs)
Developed Country (MEDCs)
Wide at the base which means there are a large
proportion of young people in the country.
This pyramid is typical of a country such as
Kenya or Vietnam.
Narrower at the base which means that birth rates
are lower.
This pyramid is typical of a country such as
Italy and Japan.
13
Choropleth Map to show Global Birth Rates
14
Birth Rates

• MEDCs have low birth rates because
• It is expensive to look after large families
• More women prefer to concentrate on their careers
  
• Increasing sexual equality has meant women have
  more control over their own fertility
• There is a ready availability of contraception
  and family planning advice

15
Birth Rates

• LEDCs have high birth rates because
• Many parents will have a lot of children in the
  expectation that some will die because of the
  high infant mortality rate
• Large families can help in looking after the farm
  
• The children will be able to look after their
  parents if they become old or sick there may not
  be an old age pension scheme
• There may be a shortage of family planning
  facilities and advice
•                                                  
                         

16

• The infant mortality rates are higher in LEDCs.
  The reasons for these higher rates are that
  developing countries often have
• A shortage of medical services
• A greater number of children born to mothers
• Poor nutrition of mothers and babies
• Less knowledge of health matters
• Dirty water supplies
• The chances of surviving to your fifth birthday
  depends on where in the world you are born.

17
Death Rates
18
Why are there differences between Birth Rates and
Death Rates in different countries?

• LEDCs have high death rates because, in many
  cases, there are
• Dirty, unreliable water supplies
• Poor housing conditions
• Poor access to medical services
• Endemic disease in some countries
• Diets that are short in calories and/or protein
• MEDCs have low death rates because, in many
  cases, there are
• Good housing conditions
• Safe water supplies
• More than enough food to eat
• Advanced medical services which are easy to
  access
• Some developed countries have a high death rate
  as they have an ageing population with many older
  people.

19
PEE Chains

• POINT
• EVIDENCE
• EXPLAIN
• CONCLUSION
• Write a PEE paragraph for LEDC Birth Rates

20
PEE Chains

• LEDCs have high birth rates. This can be seen on
  the graph as it shows a wide base. The graph of
  Kenya shows 18 of the population is aged 0-4.
  This is because in rural areas families choose to
  have lots of children so that they can help on
  the farms. This is typical of an LEDC as most
  have high birth rates.

21
PEE Chains

• LEDCs have high birth rates. This can be seen on
  the graph as it shows a wide base. The graph of
  Kenya shows 18 of the population is aged 0-4.
  This is because in rural areas families choose to
  have lots of children so that they can help on
  the farms. This is typical of an LEDC as most
  have high birth rates.

22
PEE Chains

• LEDCs have high birth rates. This can be seen on
  the graph as it shows a wide base. The graph of
  Kenya shows 18 of the population is aged 0-4.
  This is because in rural areas families choose to
  have lots of children so that they can help on
  the farms. This is typical of an LEDC as most
  have high birth rates.

23
PEE Chains

• LEDCs have high birth rates. This can be seen on
  the graph as it shows a wide base. The graph of
  Kenya shows 18 of the population is aged 0-4.
  This is because in rural areas families choose to
  have lots of children so that they can help on
  the farms. This is typical of an LEDC as most
  have high birth rates.

24
PEE Chains

• LEDCs have high birth rates. This can be seen on
  the graph as it shows a wide base. The graph of
  Kenya shows 18 of the population is aged 0-4.
  This is because in rural areas families choose to
  have lots of children so that they can help on
  the farms. This is typical of an LEDC as most
  have high birth rates.

25
PEE Chains

• LEDCs have high birth rates. This can be seen on
  the graph as it shows a wide base. The graph of
  Kenya shows 18 of the population is aged 0-4.
  This is because in rural areas families choose to
  have lots of children so that they can help on
  the farms. This is typical of an LEDC as most
  have high birth rates.

26
Task 2 - Explain the population pyramids for
LEDCs and MEDCs

• LEDCs
• LEDCS have a high/low life expectancy. This can
  be seen on the graph because it shows a
  wide/narrow base. The graph of K_ _ _ _ shows _
  of the population is aged 80-84. This is
  because ....

27

• MEDCs
• MEDCs have a low/high birth rate. The graph
  shows this because it has a narrower/wider base.
  The graph of J _ _ _ _
• shows _ of the population is aged 0-4 years
  old. This is because ....