Living or Not?

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Living or Not?

• Create your foldable on the blue paper.
• Write BIOLOGY at the top of the left door and the
  definition at the top of the right door.
• Label the left door LIVING
• Label the right door NON-LIVING
• Draw a picture of something that matches each
  heading. (5 minutes)
• As you see the pictures record the of the
  specimen and what it is (if you know) under the
  appropriate heading, living OR non on your
  paper. If you are not sure, make a guess!

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In Conclusion

• Look through the items on your paper
• Circle items that are PRODUCTS of living things.
• Underline items that WERE ONCE alive.
• As a table make a list of requirements for life.

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The Nature of Biology

• Biolife, ologythe study of
• Biology, therefore, is the study of living
  things, called organisms.

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But, how do you determine whats living?

• Defining living is notoriously difficult. Each
  scientist would define it differently
• The compromise
• Come up with a set of characteristics that all
  living things share
• If something has all characteristics, its living
  and we officially call it an organism
• If not, its non-living
• Lets look at these characteristics. . .

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Organization

• All living things are organized into cells which
  contain DNA
• Cell-the smallest units of living things that are
  themselves living
• Cells can be prokaryoticsimple or
  eukaryotic--complex
• DNA-genetic material in the cell
• Hierarchy of organization (Where does the
  living begin?)
• Atom?Molecule?Macromolecule?Organelle?Cell?Tissue?
  Organ?Organ System?Organism?Species

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Reproduction

• Reproduction-necessary for the species but not
  the individual to create new organisms.
• Species is a group of individuals that are
  closely related and can produce fertile
  offspring.
• Two types of reproduction in organisms
• Sexual-requires a combination of DNA from two
  individuals. Offspring contains ½ DNA from one
  parent and ½ from the other
• Asexual-requires that one individual clone (copy)
  itself. DNA of offspring is identical to that of
  the parent.

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Growth and Development

• Okay, technically these are 2 characteristics
  that sound like one. So whats the difference?
• Growth-getting bigger, adding matter/molecules to
  the organism
• Development-maturing, going from infant or larval
  forms to adult forms capable of reproduction

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Homeostasis

• Homeo comes from the root word homo which means
  same, and stasis implies that something is
  static, which means unchanging.
• The term Homeostasis means that organisms have
  a constant, stable set of internal conditions
  that are in balance. When homeostasis is
  disrupted, the bodys systems must compensate to
  reestablish the balance
• Ex. Shivering when cold, Sweating when hot,
  increasing heart rate and breathing in response
  to exercise.

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Adaptation

• A physical or behavioral change that improves
  survival. This is how organisms change over
  time.
• Some adaptations are responses to stimuli that
  help the organism maintain homeostasis.

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Obtaining and Using Energy

• All organisms have a Metabolism Chemical
  processes within an organism that produce energy
  to carry out life functions
• In order to fuel their metabolism, organisms must
  get energy from the environment in one of two
  ways
• Autotrophs are also called producers because they
  can use photosynthesis to convert the suns
  energy into sugars and starches
• Heterotrophs are also called consumers because
  they have to eat other things to obtain the
  sugars and starches, as well as other
  macromolecules that fuel their metabolism

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Bigger Understandings. . .

• How are organisms unified? What things are common
  to all, besides the fact that they all have the
  same characteristics?
• What determines an organisms complexity?

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Characteristics of Life

• Cells-the smallest unit of life that contain DNA
  the genetic code.
• Reproduction-necessary for the species but not
  the individual.
• Species is a group of individuals that are
  closely related and can produce fertile
  offspring.
• Growth and Development
• Homeostasis
• Stable conditions, internal balance
• Ex. Shivering, Sweat, Osmosis
• Adaptation-a physical or behavioral change that
  improves survival. This is how organisms change
  over time.
• Obtain and Use Energy
• Metabolism Chemical processes within an
  organism that produce energy to carry out life
  functions