Political Struggles in France

1
Political Struggles in France

• Mr. McLaughlin

2
Congress of Vienna

• Places Louis XVIII on the throne
• Ultra royalist- conservatives aristocrats who
  wanted the establish the old order
• ABSOLUTE RULE

3
Revolt in France

• Charles X becomes King after Louis XVIII
• He tries to pass an act to repay Aristocrats for
  lands lost in the French Revolution
• This is an unpopular act
• The legislative assembly becomes more liberal
  due to elections

4
The July Ordinances

• Charles issues in response to the legislative
  assembly
• The ordinances abolish freedom of the press
• Restricts voting rights

5
The Papers call for a Rebellion

• July 27th, 1830Angry Parisians storm the streets
• By July 29th3 Glorious Days
• Revolutionaries force Charles X to give up his
  rights as monarch and abdicate the throne
• He flees to Great Britain

6
Louis Philippe

• Cousin of Charles accepts the throne
• Becomes known as the Citizen-King
• He dressed and acted like a middle-class person
• He supported the wealthy
• People began to demand political reforms
• Especially in voting rights

7
Citizen-King

• Louis Philippe refused
• People appealed to the Prime Minister Francois
  Guizot (Gee-Zoh)

8
Revolt of 1848

• In 1848 a political banquet was held
• Guizot tries to cancel ittoo late
• Louis Philippe calls in the troops
• The troops sympathized w/the rebels and join them
• Louis Philippe fearingabdicates and flees to
  Great Britain

9
The Second Empire

• France is now claiming to be a Republic
• Now want a President
• Extend Voting Rights to all males
• Only briefly do the French enjoy the freedoms of
  the 1848 Revolt

10
The Rise of Louis Napoleon
11
Presidential Elections of 1848

• Louis Napoleon is the nephew of Napoleon
  Bonaparte
• Won overwhelmingly
• Presented himself as a reformer but really wants
  to establish himself as Emperor
• Gained the confidence of the Army, Church, middle
  class and peasants

12

• Support of Catholics created an uproar in Paris
• Louis Napoleon uses this to show that the
  Republic doesnt work
• National Assembly restricted people due to the
  violence in Paris
• Louis Napoleon uses this to his advantage
• Revoked voting Rts. Of 1/3rd of the people

13
Coup detat

• Dec. 2, 1851 Louis Napoleon quickly seizes power
• He dissolves the National Assembly
• Arrest 70 of his opponents
• He reestablishes voting Rts. For all French men
  (This makes him popular)
• He calls for a plebiscite (National Vote)

14

• This gives him the right to create a new
  Constitution
• 2nd Plebiscite vote on the constitution
• 95 in favor of the new constitution that turns
  France from a Republic to a Heritary Empire
• 1852-----Louis Napoleon becomes Napoleon III of
  France

15
Results

• He does have successful economic programs
• Built new railroads and roads
• Restricted press and civil liberties

16
The Crimean War
17
France and BritainvsRussia
18

• Fighting over the Ottoman Empire
• Over who would protect Christians visiting the
  Holy sites in the Ottoman Empire
• Ottomans pick the French
• Czar Nicholas I upsettries to extend Russian
  territories by expanding on the Ottomans land in
  the Balkans

19
The Balkans
20

• France/G. Britain want to protect their trading
  resources in the Ottoman EmpireMiddle East
• Ottomans declare war on Russia in 1854
• France, G.B. and Sardinia (small Italian kingdom)
• Most fighting takes place on the Crimean
  Peninsula (just into the Black Sea from the
  Southern Ukraine)

21

• 1854-1855 Winter Hits
• Armies battled cold, violent storms, cholera,
  frostbite and other diseases
• Diseases caused more deaths than actual fighting
• 1855 British troops capture Sebastopol (port
  town)
• Russia is forced to make peace
• 1856 Crimean War Ends

22
Crimean Peninsula
23
End of an Empire

• Napoleon III declares war on Prussia (July 19,
  1870)
• He fears their growing power
• Known as the Franco-Prussian War
• French defeated in just over 6 weeks
• Prussia wins at Sedan and take Napoleon III as a
  prisoner (Sept. 2)

24

• The Empire collapses (Why?)
• Prussia occupies France for 4 months before a
  truce is signed.

25
Peace with Prussia

• French elected a new National Assembly
• Surrendered the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine
• Pay 5 billion francs (1billion U.S. dollars)
• Prussia staged a victory march through
  Paris---humiliating to the French

26
The New National Assembly

• Reinstated the rents of Parisian (suspended due
  to Prussian occupation)
• Stop paying the National GuardMany Parisians are
  in
• This leads to Civil Unrest

27
The Commune of Paris

• During the revolt the workers established a
  Socialist Government known as The Commune of
  Paris
• Refuse to recognize the National Assembly
• Called for France to become a decentralized
  federation of independent cities
• Declared war on propertied owning class and church

28

• Introduced a new 10 hour workday
• National Assembly fought back with the armyin
  Paris
• The commune burned public buildings

29
Bloody Week

• May 1871
• During the week, the military arrested over
  40,000 people
• More than 20,000 killed
• The Commune falls

30
The Third Republic

• 1875New Constitution makes France a Republic
  again
• Provides for a 2 house legislature
• The 2 houses elect a president
• Every official act needed the support of both
  houses
• Cabinet of Ministers were responsible for govt
  policy

31

• A new post is made
• Premier
• He was to handle all the executive business

32
Threats to the Republic

• General Georges Boulanger (Boo-lahn-ZHAY)
• Hero-wanted France to seek revenge against
  Prussia
• Elections held in 1888 prevailing attitude
  Royalist support him and oppose the Republic

33

• He is urged (1889) to overthrow the RepublicCoup
  detat
• Govt tries to arrest him for treason
• He flees to Belgium
• The movement collapses w/o its leader

34
Panama Canal

• 1890s France is trying to build the canal
• The project failsthousands of French
  stockholders lost money
• Scandals of dishonesty and poor management
  practices
• Govt officials are implicated---bribes are given

35
Results of the failure of the Canal

• Elections of 1893
• Nearly 50 socialists won seats in the national
  convention
• Socialism is growing in France

36
The Dreyfus Affair

• Alfred DreyfusJewish military officer was
  arrested and charged with selling military
  secrets to the Germans
• Convicted and sentenced to life on Devils Island
• Prison colony off the coast of South America
• Many supporters and family maintained his
  innocence

37

• 1897 evidence pointed to the fact that the
  evidence was forged
• Supporters demanded a retrial
• Govt refused
• This Affair becomes a national issue and divided
  France
• Socialist on Dreyfus side

38

• 1906Civil Court pardoned Dreyfus
• Reinstated him to the French army
• THE REPUBLIC SURVIVES THESE 3 THREATS
• 1905-France separates Church and State