Change Over Time

1
Change Over Time
2
Warm Up Question

• The cockroach originated on Earth more than 250
  million years ago and is still thriving all over
  the world today. Species of dinosaurs evolved
  around the same time period and went extinct 65
  million years ago.

3
Warm Up Question

• Why has this tiny species been so successful for
  so long, and other species die out in a
  relatively short time?

4
I. Adaptations

• Adaptation Anything that makes a species better
  suited to its environment.
• Types
• 1. Structural Adaptations
• 2. Physiological Adaptations
• 3. Behavior Adaptations

5
Adaptation Video Clip

• What adaptation(s) does the mantis possess that
  helps it survive in its environment?
• How did this mantis populations evolve to possess
  this adaptation?
• What pressure would the mantis population face if
  their environment changed?

PBS Evolution Adaptation Clip
6

• 1. Structural Adaptation Changes in the
  structure of a body part.
• Examples Camouflage

7

• Mimicry

8

• 2. Physiological Adaptation
• Changes to an organisms metabolic processes.
• Ex. -Antibiotic resistant bacteria
• -Insects that are resistant to pesticides

9

• 3. Behavioral Adaptation
• Help an organism find food, protect itself, or
  reproduce.

10
II. Evolution of Species

• Species a group of organisms that are closely
  related and can mate to produce fertile offspring.

11

• A. Evolution Is the process by which species
  change in over time.
• 1. Species evolve
• from pre-existing
• species.
• 2. Successful organisms survive and pass on their
  genes, others go extinct.

12

• Populations can change (evolve), individuals can
  not!!!

13
(No Transcript)
14
III. Evidence of Evolution A. Fossils

• Scientist study fossils to find evolutionary
  clues.
• Fossils show how populations of organisms changed
  over a long period of time.

Whale Evolution Website
Whale Evolution Video Clip
15
Transitional Fossils

• Fossils or organisms that show the intermediate
  states between an ancestral form and that of its
  descendants

Transitional Fossil
16
Transitional Fossils

• Fossils or organisms that show the intermediate
  states between an ancestral form and that of its
  descendants

17
IV. Anatomy

• Understanding homology and analogy

18
A. Homologous Structures

• Modified body parts that have similar structure
  and function in different organisms.
• Share a common ancestry. Can be used to show
  evolution.

19
B. Analogous Structures

• Similar function, but different structure.
• Two characters are analogous if the two lineages
  evolved independently.

20
C. Vestigial Structures

• Any body structure that is reduced in function in
  a living organism, but may have been used in an
  ancestor.
• Examples
• -Appendix in humans
• -Hips on whales

21
V. DNA (Molecular Biology)

• Closely related species have similar DNA patterns
  that code for proteins.
• Ex Human DNA is 20 identical to a mouse, and
  98 identical to a chimpanzee.

22
A. Changes in Genes

• 1. Mutation a change in the nucleotide-base
  sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.
• Ex Sickle Cell Anemia

A Mutation Story Video
23
(No Transcript)