Adverbs and Prepositions

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Adverbs and Prepositions
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Adverbs

• A word that describes a verb is an adverb.
• Adverbs tell how, when, or where an action
  happens.
• Many adverbs end in ly. Here is a list of common
  adverbs.
• How When
  Where
• fast tomorrow
  here
• hard later
  inside
• together again
  far
• happily often
  upstairs
• quietly first
  downtown
• secretly next
  somewhere
• slowly then
  forward

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Comparing with Adverbs

• Adverbs have special forms for comparisons.
• To compare two actions add er to most short
  adverbs.
• To compare three or more actions add est to most
  short adverbs.

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• Rules for Comparing with Adverbs
• 1.) Most short adverbs Ex
  late,
• add er or est to the adverb later,
  latest
• 2.)Most adverbs of two or more Ex often,
• syllables
  more often,
• Use more or most with the most
  often
• adverb

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Adverb or Adjective?

• Many adverbs end in ly. These words look the
  same and are easy to confuse!
• Incorrect- He writes clear.(Adj.)
• Correct- He writes clearly. (Adv.)
• Use an adj. to describe a noun and an adv. to
  describe a verb.
• Lee has quick moves. (Adj.)
• She moves quickly.(Adv.)
• Good is always an adj. Use good before a noun or
  after a linking verb. Dont use it to mean
  healthy.
• Well is an adverb which can describe a verb.
  Also, use it as an adj. to mean healthy.
• Ex Sam draws frogs well. (Adv.)
• She isnt well today. (Adj.)

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Prepositions

• A preposition relates another word in the
  sentence to the noun or pronoun that follows the
  preposition.
• Ex We found it on the shelf
• We found it under the shelf.
• The noun or pronoun that follows a preposition is
  the object of the preposition.
• Ex I liked the book with the blue cover.
• Copy list of common prepositions!!!!

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Prepositional Phrases

• A prepositional phrase is made up of a
  preposition, the object of the preposition, and
  all the other words in between them.
• Ex We packed the fruit in our
  knapsacks.
• The object of the preposition can be a compound
  object.
• Ex We took enough oranges for
  Freddy and Sue.
• The prepositional phrase can be at the beginning,
  middle, or end of the sentence.
• Ex At dawn we began our walk.
• The map of the area was
  helpful.
• The path went by the forest and
  a large lake.
• When the object of the preposition is a pronoun,
  use an object pronouns. (me, you, him, her, it,
  us, and them)

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Adverb or Preposition ?

• Some words can be either used as an adverb or a
  prepostion.
• Ex Susan ran inside.(Adv.)
• Her hat was inside the store.(Prep.)
• If the word begins a prepositional phrase it is a
  preposition. Otherwise it is an adverb.
• Words used as adverbs or prepositions
• above near inside
• along off
• around over
• below out
• by outside
• down under
• in up

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Independent and Dependent Clauses

• A clause is a group of words that work together.
  They contain at least a subject and a verb.
• An Independent Clause expresses a complete
  thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
• Example Joey rode the bus.
• A Dependent Clause, also called a fragment, does
  not express a complete thought and cannot stand
  alone as a sentence.
• Example When Joey rode the bus.
• A dependent clause may begin with until, when,
  after, since, as , who or that
• A dependent clause must be paired with at least
  one independent clause to create a complete
  sentence.
• Ex After I went skating yesterday, I
  ran into an old friend in the parking lot.
• A comma is used between two independent clauses,
  and it is placed before the conjunction
• Ex My teacher is intelligent, and I've learned a
  lot from her.

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• If a dependent clause comes at the beginning of a
  sentence, and an independent clause comes at the
  end. You put a comma after the dependent clause.
• Ex Although Tom reads novels, Jack
  reads comics.

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Sentences
.

• A simple sentence, also called an independent
  clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it
  expresses a complete thought.
• Ex Some students like to study
  in the mornings.
• A compound sentence contains two independent
  clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators
  are as follows for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
  (FANBOYS.)  
• Ex I tried to speak Spanish, and my
  friend tried to speak English.
• A complex sentence has an independent clause
  joined by one or more dependent clauses. A
  complex sentence always has a subordinator such
  as because, since, after, although, or when or a
  relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
• Ex When he handed in his homework, he
  forgot to give the teacher the last page. 
• Compound-complex -more than one independent
  clause and at least one dependent clause.
• Ex After it was all over, my dad claimed he knew
  we were planning something, but we think he was
  really surprised.