The Changing Workplace

1
The Changing Workplace

• Ch. 8, Sect. 4
• What problems were created for the emerging
  industrial workforce by changes in manufacturing
  in the 1800s?

2
Put the following in order

• Panic of 1837
• Jackson Vetos National Bank
• American System created
• Treaty of Ghent signed
• Specie Circular issued

3
FILL IN THE BLANK

• Skilled workers are called __________.
• The most experienced workers are called ________.
• Young workers are called __________.
• Early textile factories were built in __________,
  Massachusetts.
• System of producing clothing at home was called
  the ________ - out system.

4
FILL IN THE BLANK

• System of producing clothing at home was called
  the ________ - out system.
• Young workers are called __________.
• The most experienced workers are called ________.
• Skilled workers are called __________.
• Early textile factories were built in
  __________, Massachusetts.

5
SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN MANUFACTURING

• Weaving factories end the putting-out system of
  the cottage-industry or production in homes
• Decline of hand-produced goods
• Unskilled laborers replaces skilled laborers
  (masters, journeymen, and apprentices)
• Factory products become cheaper, more available
• Changes split families traditional Communities

6
Lowell, MassachusettsBirthplace of American
Industry

• 1828 Women are 90 of the mill workforce
• Mill owners use women b/c they are paid less
• Mill Girls are primarily unmarried girls,
  supervised closely by female supervisors
• Opportunity to earn money and leave the farm

7
STRIKES AT LOWELL

• Worked 12 hour day, 6 days a week
• Poor wages, poor ventilation, poor conditions
• 1834 Mill workers strike over a pay cut it
  fails
• 1836 Second strike over new pay cuts it also
  fails.
• 1844 Mill workers form Lowell Female Labor
  reform Association petition state legislature.
• HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE Women begin to organize
  for political and social change.

8
Workers Seek Better Conditions

• 1835 Nations first general strike in Philly (a
  strike by skilled and unskilled workers)
• Employers use strikebreakers to crush strikes,
  using poor immigrants
• By 1840s new immigrants are organizing their own
  strikes
• Irish Dockworkers strike in NY in 1840s
• Ladies Industrial Association, NY in 1845

9
National Trades Union

• Workers, or journeymen, begin to organize
  collectively, rather than by specific trades ?
  more bargaining power.
• 1834 Journeymen from several industries
  organize the National Trades Union.
• Courts declare the Unions illegal.
• 1842 Mass. Supreme Court affirms workers rights
  in Commonwealth v. Hunt.
• 1860 only 5,000 workers are unionized, though
  20,000 participate in strikes