Speciation Game

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Speciation Game
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Mating Rituals Pre-mating Isolating Mechanisms
Answer Choices grasshopper mosquito Praying
mantis Blue bird of paradise

• Questions
• 1. The female will rip the head off her mate
  during reproduction, and sometimes she will eat
  it during reproduction. 
• 2. A male has 400 mating songs in his
  repertoire, and each song has its own meaning
  towards the courtship.
• 3. The male hangs upside down from a tree
  branch, while rhythmically enlarging and
  contracting a colored patch on his chest. At the
  same time he swaying back and forth, arching his
  tail, and then calling to his mate softly in a
  low deep voice
• 4. Though the males wings typically produce a
  sound with a frequency of 600 hertz, and the
  females wings a 400 hertz song, each mating
  individual will adjust his or her sound so as to
  meet in the middle. The resulting harmonic
  frequency is at 1200 hertz.

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Mating Rituals - Answers
1. Praying MantisThe female will rip the head
off her mate during reproduction, and sometimes
she will eat it during the reproduction.  2.
GrasshoppersA male has 400 mating songs in his
repertoire, and each song has its own meaning
towards the courtship. 3. Blue Bird of Paradise
The male hangs upside down from a tree branch,
while rhythmically enlarging and contracting a
colored patch on his chest. At the same time he
swaying back and forth, arching his tail, and
then calling to his mate softly in a low deep
voice 4. Mosquito Though the males wings
typically produce a sound with a frequency of 600
hertz, and the females wings a 400 hertz song,
each mating individual will adjust his or her
sound so as to meet in the middle. The resulting
harmonic frequency is at 1200 hertz.
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Mating Rituals Pre-mating Isolating Mechanisms
Answer Choices African elephant Adelie
penguins bighorn sheep hippos
Questions 1. Males fight to impress the ladies,
running into each other head-first at high
speed 2. The male will bring his mate a
carefully chosen stone as a courtship gift to
enforce their bond. 3. They attract mates by
marking territory - urinating and defecating
simultaneously. Then, the male twirls its tail
like a propeller, spreading his feces all over
the female. 4. Males conduct their courtship
over a period of weeks, squirting females with
water, bringing them food and generally proving
how nice they are.  
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Mating Rituals - Answers

• 1. Bighorn sheep
• Males fight to impress the ladies, running into
  each other head-first at high speed
• 2. Adelie Penguins
• the male will bring his mate a carefully chosen
  stone as a courtship gift to enforce their bond.
• 3. HipposThey attract mates by marking
  territory - urinating and defecating
  simultaneously. Then, the male twirls its tail
  like a propeller, spreading his feces all over
  the female.
• 4. African Elephants
• Males conduct their courtship over a period of
  weeks, squirting females with water, bringing
  them food and generally proving how nice they
  are.
•  

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Hybrids Post-mating Isolating Mechanism

• What two species created this hybrid? (2 pts)
• What is the name of the hybrid? (1 pt)

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Lion Tiger

• Liger/TigonLigers are crossbreeds between a
  male lions and female tigers, while Tigons are
  crossbreeds between a male tiger and a female
  lion. Ligers are the worlds largest cats. Tigons
  on the other hand, are prone towards dwarfism and
  are usually smaller than either of their parents.
  Male Ligers/Tigons are sterile while the females
  are often fertile.

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Hybrids Post-mating Isolating Mechanism

• What two species created this hybrid? (2 pts)
• Is this hybrid sterile? (1 pt)

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Wolf Dog

• Wolf DogDogs and wolves tend to crossbreed
  rather freely. The wolf is a shy animal depending
  on nuances in body language, facial expression
  and on hunting skills to survive. Their jaws are
  much stronger than those of a dog and are often
  used to exert dominance. For a dog wolf hybrid,
  it is not known when it will display a wolf
  behavior or dog behavior or something in between.
  Obedience training is a must in order to tame the
  animal.

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Hybrids Post-mating Isolating Mechanism

• What three different species of animal were
  crossed with a zebra to make the following
  zebroids? (3 pts)

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Horse, Donkey, and Pony

• Zebroids
• A zorse is the result of crossbreeding a horse
  and a zebra. A zonkey is the result of
  crossbreeding a donkey with a zebra. The Zony is
  the result of crossbreeding a pony to a zebra.
  All these three are called zebroids. Zebroids are
  preferred over zebra for practical uses such as
  riding because of its body shape. However it is
  more inclined to be temperamental and can prove
  to be difficult to handle.

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Hybrids Post-mating Isolating Mechanism

• What two species created this hybrid? (2 pts)
• What is the name of the hybrid? (1 pt)

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Camel Llama

• CamaA Cama is a hybrid between a camel and a
  llama. They are born via artificial insemination
  due to the huge difference in sizes of the
  animals which disallow natural breeding. A Cama
  usually has the short ears and long tails of a
  camel but the cloven hooves of a llama. Also most
  noticeably is the absence of the hump.

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Hybrids Post-mating Isolating Mechanism

• What two species created this hybrid? (2 pts)
• What is the name of the hybrid? (1 pt)

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Grizzly Polar Bear

• Grolar, PizzlyA grolar/pizzly hybrid is the
  product of a grizzly bear and a polar bear.
  Although the two bears are genetically similar,
  they tend to avoid each other in the wild. During
  16 April 2006, a hybrid bear was shot dead in
  Canada. It was the first time a hybrid was found
  in the wild where previous records of grolars or
  pizzlies have only been found in zoos.

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Hybrids Post-mating Isolating Mechanism

• What two species created this hybrid? (2 pts)
• What is the name of the hybrid? (1 pt)

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Leopard Lion

• LeoponThe result of breeding a male leopard and
  a female lion. The head of the animal is similar
  to that of a lion while the rest of the body
  carries similarities to leopards.

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Hybrids Post-mating Isolating Mechanism

• What two species created this hybrid? (2 pts)
• What is the name of the hybrid? (1 pt)

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Dolphin False Killer Whale

• WolphinA rare hybrid formed from a cross between
  a bottlenose dolphin and a false killer whale.
  There are currently only two in captivity. A
  wolphins size, colour and shape are intermediate
  between the parent species.

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Hybrids Post-mating Isolating Mechanism

• What two species created this hybrid? (2 pts)
• What is the name of the hybrid? (1 pt)

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American bison domestic cattle

• Beefalo are a fertile hybrid of domestic cattle
  and American bison (buffalo). The breed was
  created to combine the characteristics of both
  animals with a view towards beef production.

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Speciation in Action?

• In the summer of 1995, at least 15 iguanas
  survived Hurricane Marilyn on a raft of uprooted
  trees. They rode the high seas for a month before
  colonizing the Caribbean island, Anguilla. These
  few individuals are the first of their species,
  Iguana iguana, to reach the island.

Questions 1. What step towards speciation have
we already witnessed with this population of
iguanas? 2. Since only a small population of
iguanas inhabited Anguilla, what effect might
contribute to speciation? 3. What step could
happen next?
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Speciation in Action? - Answers

• Questions
• 1. What step towards speciation have we already
  witnessed with this population of iguanas?
  SEPARATION
• 2. Since only a small population of iguanas
  inhabited Anguilla, what effect might
  contribute to speciation? FOUNDERS EFFECT
• What step could happen next? ADAPTATION /
  NATURAL SELECTION