El Subjuntivo

1
El Subjuntivo

• Using the Subjunctive Mood in Spanish

2
What differences do you see in the following
sentences?

• Its raining outside. I hope that its raining
  outside.
• We will have a lot of homework. I dont want us
  to have a lot of homework.
• She eats healthy food. Its good that she eats
  healthy food.
• Im certain that he is coming. I doubt that he is
  coming.

3
The subjunctive

• Is a mood, not a tense.
• A tense deals with when something happens
  (past, present).
• Example Were going to the beach tomorrow.
• A mood expresses how a speaker feels about
  something.
• Example I am happy that we are going to the
  beach tomorrow.

4
Summary

• The Subjunctive
• Uncertainty/Subjectivity
• Examples
• Dudo que vayamos a ganar.
• Es posible que no tengamos tarea.

• The Indicative
• Certainty/Objectivity
• Examples
• Yo creo que vamos a ganar.
• Es cierto que no tenemos tarea.

5
In order to use the subjunctive

• There must be 2 clauses in a sentence separated
  by the word que (that).
• (A clause a group of words with a subject
  and a conjugated verb)
• 2. There must be a subject change between
  clauses.
• 3. The main clause must be an expression of will
  (hope, want, wish), doubt or denial, emotion, or
  an impersonal expression (its possible, its
  necessary).
• Main Clause Connector Subordinate Clause
• I doubt that the movie is good.
• He hopes that she doesnt arrive late.
• Its good that we dont have homework.
• We dont believe that they have the
  money.

6
When there is no subject change

• An infinitive is often used.
• Examples I want to go with you. Quiero ir
  contigo.
• It necessary to study every night. Es
  necesario estudiar cada noche.
• Its good to exercise. Es bueno hacer
  ejercicio.

7
Would the high-lighted verb be in the subjunctive
or the indicative mood?

1. We hope that you have a good time.
2. I think that this is difficult.
3. I wish that we didnt have to leave.
4. I want to eat chocolate.
5. I hope that I have a good time.
6. Its possible that it is snowing outside.
7. They doubt that we will win.
8. She believes that it is important.
9. We think that the book is good.
10. Its terrible that she is sick.

8
Verbs that are irregular in the present tense yo
form are irregular in the subjunctive mood.
Verb Subjunctive Form
dar dé
estar esté
haber haya
saber sepa
ser sea
ir vaya
9
Verbs with spelling changes

• Verbs ending in car
• the c changes to qu Ex yo sace yo saque, tú
  saques, etc
• Verbs ending in gar
• the g becomes gu Ex yo juege yo juegue, tú
  juegues, etc
• Verbs ending in zar
• the z changes to c Ex yo empieze yo
  empiece, etc

10
Other spelling changes

• Verbs ending in ger and gir
• the g changes to j before an a
• Examples
• escoger - yo escoja elegir - yo elija
• tú escojas tú elijas
• ella escoja él elija
• nosotros escojamos nosotros elijamos
• ellos escojan ellas elijan

11
Other spelling changes

• Verbs ending in guir
• the gu changes to g before an a
• Example
• seguir - yo siga
• tú sigas
• ella siga
• nosotros sigamos
• ellos sigan

12
Expressions of wishes, hope, desire

• Mr. Factual

• Mr. Dreamer

El subjuntivo es divertido.
Espero que sea divertido estudiar el subjuntivo.
13
Examples

• Quiero que me llames después de clase.
• I want you to call me after class.
• Esperamos que sirvan pizza hoy.
• We hope that they serve pizza today.
• Ellos desean que ella venga temprano.
• They want her to come early.

14
Complete the following sentences with a verb in
the subjunctive.

• Deseo que mi madre/padre _________________________
  __.
• Quiero que mis amigos ____________________________
  ___.
• Espero que tú ____________________________________
  ___.

15
Expressions of emotion

• Mr. Factual

• Mr. Dreamer

Estoy contento que estudiemos el subjuntivo más.
Estudiamos el subjuntivo más.
16
In Spanish, you must use the subjunctive after an
expression of emotion, regardless of whether or
not the information is true.

• Examples
• Estoy contenta que mi amiga llegue hoy.
• Es malo que muchos estudiantes no comprendan la
  información.
• Es triste que estés enfermo.

17
Complete the following sentences with a verb in
the subjunctive.

• Me alegro de que ___________________________.
• Es una lástima que __________________________.
• Me encanta que ____________________________.

18
Impersonal Expressions

• Mr. Factual

• Mr. Dreamer

Es importante que aprendamos usar el subjuntivo.
Aprendemos usar el subjuntivo.
19
To present an opinion, the subjunctive is often
used with the following impersonal expressions.

• (No) es bueno que
• (No) es malo que
• (No) es importante que
• (No) es posible que
• (No) es imposible que
• (No) es raro que
• (No) es necesario que
• (No) es probable que

20
Examples

• Es importante que vengamos a tiempo.
• Es posible que tengamos tarea esta noche.
• Es raro que ellos no escuchen.

21
Remember Some impersonal Expressions
demonstrate certainty and are used with the
indicative.

• Es evidente que
• Es obvio que
• Es verdad que
• Es cierto que
• No es dudoso que
• Examples Es evidente que ella dice la verdad.
• Es cierto que él es muy inteligente.

22
Verbs of influence

• Mr. Factual

• Mr. Dreamer

Recomiendo que estudies español todos los días.
Debes estudiar español todos los días.
23
Verbs of doubt and denial

• Mr. Factual

• Mr. Dreamer

Dudo que vaya a llover hoy.
Creo que va a llover hoy.
24
Examples

• Dudo que él gane la elección.
• Es dudoso que yo saque una buena nota en el
  examen.
• Es improbable que ellos estén listos ahora.

25
Complete the following sentences

• Dudo que mi amgio _________________________.
• No es verdad que ___________________________.
• Es improbable que __________________________.

26
Ojalá

• Cannot be conjugated
• Is a word of Arabic origin that can be roughly
  translated as If Allah wants it or God
  willing
• Means the same thing as hopefully or I hope
  but has a little stronger meaning than the verb
  esperar.
• Can be used with or without the word que.
• The verb after ojalá should be in the
  subjunctive.
• Examples Ojalá que llueva! I hope it rains!
• Ojalá ella lo haga! I hope she does it!