Noninfectious Diseases

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Noninfectious Diseases

• A disease that is not caused by a virus or a
  living organism

2
Risk Factor

• CHARACTERISTIC OR BEHAVIOR THAT INCREASES A
  PERSONS CHANCE OF GETTING A NONINFECTIOUS
  DISEASE.

3
RISK FACTORS EXAMPLES

• AGE
• GENDER
• RACE
• DIET

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Noninfectious Diseases

• Heredity, Environment, Lifestyle can contribute
  to the chance of getting some noninfectious
  diseases.
• Disease any harmful change in the state of
  health of
• your body or mind.
• Chronic Diseases diseases that last a long time

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Cancer

• Cancer is a disease in which cells grow
  uncontrollably and invade and destroy healthy
  tissue.
• Cells usually multiply in an orderly wayhowever,
  when they multiply rapidly and out of control the
  result is a cancerous tissue called a malignant
  tumor

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Cancer
Benign or nonmalignant tumors are not
cancerous. If cancerous, the cancer cells may
crowd out healthy cells tissues and in turn the
cells die.

• Biopsy is a sample of tissue that is removed
  and tested from the patient to see if it is
  cancerous.

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Cancer Continued

• Cells from the tumor may enter the blood and be
  carried to other parts of the body, growing and
  forming new tumors.
• Carcinogens substances from the environment that
  can cause cancer
• Cigarettes, asbestos, and certain radiations are
  carcinogenic
• Smokers are 20 times more likely to get lung
  cancer than non-smokers
• Early detection and treatment can increase the
  chances for a cure

8
Warning Signs of Cancer

• C Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A Any sore that will not heal
• U Unusual bleeding or discharge
• T Thickening or lump
• I Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• O Obvious change in a mole, wart or birth mark
• N Nagging cough or hoarseness in throat

9
Common Types of Cancer

• Skin Cancer most common type of cancer
• Caused by too much exposure to sunlight
• Lung Cancer the No. 1 cause of deaths due to
  cancer in the Unites States
• Colon/Rectal Cancer second most common cancer
• Breast Cancer most often seen in women over 50
• 1 in 9 women have breast cancer
• 1 in 250 males acquire testicular cancer

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Common Types of Cancer

• Leukemia causes cancerous white blood cells to
  interfere with production of healthy white blood
  cells
• Lymphoma cancer of the cells in the lymph
  system
• Spread throughout the body and weaken the immune
  system
• Reproductive Organ Cancer affects both men and
  women.
• Men
• Testicular and prostate glands
• Women
• Ovaries, cervix, and uterus

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Treating Cancer

• After a BIOPSY (or sample of tissue) is found to
  be cancerous, there are three major cancer
  treatments that can be utilized
• 1 Surgery removal of cancer cells from body.
  This method works best on cancer that has not
  spread to other parts of the body.
• 2 Chemotherapy chemicals are used to destroy
  cancer cells. Used to fight cancer that has
  spread.
• 3 Radiation high-energy rays from radioactive
  materials are used to shrink or kill cancer
  cells. This method is usually used in
  combination with surgery and chemotherapy.

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DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Diseases of the nervous system are called
• NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

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Multiple Sclerosis

• MS is a disease in which the tissue that covers
  the nerves of the brain and spinal cord is
  destroyed
• Symptoms (1) loss of muscle control (2) vision
  or speech impairment (3) may be mild for many
  years then suddenly worse
• There is no known cure for MS
• People often live long productive lives with MS

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Cerebral Palsy

• A disorder that affects the part of the brain
  that controls movement
• Sometimes the result of a brain injury that
  occurred at or before birth
• Speech, hearing, sight and voluntary muscles are
  affected
• No known cure

15
Respiratory Diseases

• Respiratory Conditions diseases of the lungs
  and bronchial tubes
• Affect the supply of oxygen to the body
• ASTHMA the lining of the airways in the lungs
  becomes narrowwhich makes breathing difficult.
• Asthma may be triggered by cold weather, stress
  or may be exercise induced.

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Chronic Bronchitis

• A disease of the BRONCHIAL TUBES in the lungs
• The mucous membranes lining these tubes become
  irritated and inflamed
• Inflammation destroys cilia that help sweep dirt
  and irritants away
• Frequent coughing is the main symptom

17
Cardiovascular Disease

• Diseases of the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS are known
  as cardiovascular diseases!
• Leading cause of death in the United States each
  year!

18
Heart Disease

• TWO different types of C-V diseases occur in the
  heart
• Rheumatic fever damage to the heart valves
  doesnt pump blood efficiently.
• Congenital heart disease heart has not formed
  properly at birth

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Heart Disease Continued

• ATHEROSCLEROSIS known as coronary artery
  disease, which is the hardening of the arteries
• Blood vessels may become blocked by deposits of
  fat and minerals (atheromas)
• Persons heart has to work harder to pump blood
  through the narrow vessels
• Cholesterol is a factor in building up hard
  deposits
• LDL cholesterol is BAD
• HDL cholesterol is GOOD

• Hypertension high blood pressure which can
  damage arteries
• Worsens stress, too much salt, too little
  exercise, use of tobacco, or being overweight

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Prevention of C - V

• Maintain proper weight
• Exercise regularly
• Do not use tobacco products
• Avoid foods high in saturated fats, salt, and
  cholesterol
• Manage stress with rest and play
• Have blood pressure checked at least once a year

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PREVENTION