Pronouns

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Pronouns

• Pronouns Antecedents
• Subject Object
• Possessive
• Reflexive
• Interrogative

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Pronouns

• A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one
  or more nouns.
• pro- means for (standing FOR a noun)

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Personal Pronouns

• Pronouns that are used to refer to people or
  things are called personal pronouns.
• Examples he, she, it

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Subject Pronouns

• - used as the subject of a sentence.
• - WHO or WHAT the sentence is about.
• She is my sister.
• It is my hat.
• Does he have a dog.
• You and I go to the movie.

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Object Pronouns

• a personal pronoun in the objective case
• used as the direct or indirect object of a verb
• will never be the subject of the sentence
• Give the pencil to me.
• The teacher gave her a referral.
• I will tell you a secret.
• Hannah read it to them.

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List of Personal Pronouns

• Singular Plural
• I we
• you you
• he, she, it they

Subject Pronouns
me us you you him, her, it them

Object Pronouns
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LISTEN!

• Listen to this song and then lets try it
  together! http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSWnc1HSCv
  RY

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Activity 1

• Identify the pronouns in the following sentences.
• Jamie and Clara loved the guinea pig their mother
  bought them. It was white, and it was adorable.

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Using Pronouns Correctly

• How do you know when to use me or I, we or us?
• 1. Use a subject pronoun as a subject.
• 2. Use an object pronoun as object of the verb.
• Examples (Circle the correct pronoun listed)
• SUBJECT-
• She owns a collection of books.
• INDIRECT OBJECT-
• He told her an amusing story.
• DIRECT OBJECT-
• The fable entertained us.

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Using Pronouns Correctly

• When in a pair (ex Susan and I), always take the
  pronoun OUT of the pair to see which pronoun is
  the correct one to use.
• EXAMPLES
• Richard and (I or me) recited the story.
• Jennifer helped Richard and (I or me).
• Read the sentence without the words that the
  pronoun is paired with to see what works.

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Using Pronouns Correctly

• When using a pronoun in a pair
• - ALWAYS put the pronoun second.
• Seth and I read some comic books.
• (NOT I and Seth read some comic books.)
• Science interests Mike and me.
• (NOT Science interests me and Mike.)

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Using Pronouns Correctly

• In formal writing and speech
• use a subject pronoun after a linking verb.
• RIGHT ? The winner is she.
• NOT ? She is the winner.

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ACTIVITY 2

• Replace one of the nouns in the following
  sentences with a pronoun.
• Tanner and Tanners friend Todd won the boat
  race.
• Why did Oscar give Oscars camera to the school?
• Darius scored a goal the first of Darius season.

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PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS

• Antecedent-
• The noun or group of words that a pronoun refers
  to
• Example
• Tyler read The Hungry Caterpillar. He
  found it exciting.
• ANTECEDENT of he ? ___________________
• ANTECEDENT of it ? __________________

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PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS

• RULES
• Pronoun must agree with antecedent in number
  (singular or plural) and gender.
• The gender of a noun may be masculine (male),
  feminine (female), or neuter (referring to
  things).

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ACTIVITY 3
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Possessive Pronouns

• Possessive pronouns show ownership.

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Possessive Pronouns

• A pronoun that shows who or what has something.
• NOTE A possessive pronoun may take the place
  of a possessive noun.

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Possessive Pronouns

• Possessive pronouns have two forms.
• - One form is used before a noun.
• - The other form is used alone.

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Possessive Pronouns

• Examples
• Matts shoe is too small.
• Replace noun with possessive pronoun.
• _____________ shoe is too small.
• Mikes homework is perfect.
• Possessive noun- ________________________
• Replace with pronoun- ______________________
• __________________ homework is perfect.

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Possessive Pronouns

• - do NOT contain an apostrophe
• - Possessive its never splits.
• Its? is a contraction standing for it is
• Its ? no apostrophe is POSSESSIVE
• Example
• I love my book. (Its) characters are funny.
• Its is a possessive pronoun standing for what
  noun?

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Activity 4

• Replace the Possessive WS

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Reflexive Pronouns

• I saw myself reflected in her eyes.
• No, the above sentence isnt a sappy love song
  lyric. Its an example of a particular kind of
  pronoun called a reflexive pronoun.

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What Are Reflexive Pronouns?

• Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that refer back
  to the subject of the sentence or clause. They
  either end in self, as in the singular form,
  or selves as in the plural form.

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Singular Reflexive Pronouns

• Myself
• Yourself
• Himself, herself, itself

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Plural Reflexive Pronouns

• Ourselves
• Yourselves
• Themselves

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• All of the mentioned reflexive pronouns are used
  to rename the subjects of action verbs and
  function as different types of objects.
• If the reflexive pronoun is taken out of the
  sentence, it wont make sense. Lets look at a
  few examples.

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Examples

• The following sentences are examples of the
  correct and incorrect use of reflexive pronouns.
• Non-reflexive Adam e-mailed him a copy of the
  report.
• In this sense the italicized words are not the
  same person. Him is not a reflection
  of Adam therefore it is not a reflexive pronoun.
• Reflexive Adam e-mailed himself a copy of the
  report.
• Here are the italicized words are the same
  person. Himself reflects back to the subject of
  the sentence which is Adam.

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• Non-reflexive Allison accidentally cut her with
  the scissors.
• Reflexive Allison accidentally cut herself.

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• Non-reflexive Brandon blames you.
• Reflexive Brandon blames himself.

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• Non-reflexive Can you feed my guests?
• Reflexive Can you feed yourselves?

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• Non-reflexive They cannot help the angry mob.
• Reflexive They cannot help themselves.

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• Non-reflexive Carol poured her a glass of milk.
• Reflexive Carol poured herself a glass of milk.

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• Non-reflexive The young girl was singing happily
  to them.
• Reflexive The young girl was singing happily
  to herself.

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Reflexive Pronoun Examples

• I gave myself 12 weeks to get in shape.
• You should buy yourself a new computer.
• Diane bought herself a new pair of shoes.
• Jeff read quietly to himself.
• The kitten groomed itself.
• We treated ourselves to a night on the town.
• The students are able to monitor themselves.

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Reflexive Pronouns and Intensive Pronouns

• Reflexive pronouns can also function as intensive
  pronouns but they act a little differently and
  they arent used in quite the same way. An
  intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent, or
  the subject of the sentence. These pronouns are
  positioned right next to the subject.

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Intensive Pronoun Examples

• I myself am tired of all this rain.
• You yourself are to blame for this confusion.
• The president himself wrote me a letter.
• We ourselves cooked the cake.
• The dog itself opened her refrigerator.
• The boys themselves led the entire team to
  victory.

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Reflexive Pronoun Recap

• To recap, reflexive pronouns refer back to, or
  reflect, the subject and they always end
  in self or selves.
• There are only eight reflexive pronouns so
  remembering them and how to use them should be a
  snap!

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Anticipatory Set

• Whiteboard Activity
• Name that type of pronoun!

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Using Correct Pronouns

• Most of the time, students know which pronoun to
  use in which situation. Some types of sentences
  can get a little tricky, however. Usually these
  are when pronouns are used after a linking verb,
  and when pronouns are used in compound subjects.

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Linking Verbs Connecting Subjects

• Linking verbs connect the subject of the sentence
  with the predicate. Sometimes it becomes
  confusing which pronoun to use after the linking
  verb.
• What is the correct pronoun to use in this
  sentence
• "The winners were (they, them).
• Write the correct pronoun on your whiteboard.

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Correct Answer

• "The winners were (they, them).
• CORRECT ANSWER (they)
• The winners were they.
• Explain why they is the correct pronoun.

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The winners were they.
What is the linking verb?
were
How can you reverse the sentence so that it makes
sense to you?
They were the winners.
Sometimes you have to change the tense of the
verb or change "is" to "are" to make it work. 
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Compound Subjects or Objects

• Knowing which order to write pronouns can also be
  tricky. It is usually polite to mention yourself
  last, so words like "I" and "me" should be used
  last.
• Many people get confused on whether to use "me"
  or "I" in a sentence such as this oneThe
  teacher congratulated Jerry and (me, I).
• Write the correct pronoun on your whiteboard.

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The teacher congratulated Jerry and me.

• In sentences like these, drop one of the subjects
  and see what sounds appropriate.
• Good "The teacher congratulated me."
• Not Good "The teacher congratulated I."

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PRACTICE

• (I, me) want to eat pizza for breakfast, lunch,
  and dinner!

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PRACTICE

• Abhay, Lily, and (I, me) finished our math
  homework together after school.

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PRACTICE

• This is my favorite Instagram picture of you and
  (I, me)!

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PRACTICE

• (They, them) love to race down the school
  hallways to lunch.

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PRACTICE

• It is (he, him).

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PRACTICE

• This is (her, she) speaking.

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PRACTICE

• It is (we, us) who are responsible to get the
  project done.

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PRACTICE

• Miss Lederman and (me, I) play against one
  another in Trivia Crack, but (she, her) always
  beats me!

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PRACTICE

• Did you see the Snapchat of her cat and (she,
  her)?

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PRACTICE

• The soccer players you are playing with after
  school are (they, them).

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PRACTICE

• It is (her, she) that just received the new
  iPhone 6!

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PRACTICE

• After school on Friday, it is (us, we) who will
  be playing Minecraft for the next 24 hours!

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PRACTICE

• Will you go to the park with Juliana and (I, me)?

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PRACTICE

• The group of students who are buying lunch on the
  field trip are (they, them).

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Pronoun Scoot

• Are you ready to scoot?
• You will walk around the room. At each desk,
  there is a card.
• On each card is a sentence. You must decide which
  pronoun correctly fits the given sentence.
• Record your answer on your recording sheet.
• We will check answers at the end of class!

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Interrogative Pronouns

• Who
• Whom
• Whose

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Interrogative Pronouns

• Interrogative pronouns are used in asking
  questions.
• The pronouns who, what, and which are used as
  interrogative pronouns. Who telephoned?     
  What did you say?    Which is your brother?

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Interrogative Pronoun who

• usually refers only to people.
• changes its form depending on the case, as shown
  as follows
• Subjective Case who
• Objective Case whom
• Possessive Case whose

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Who or Whom?

• Choose the correct form of who based on the
  function of the word in the sentence.
• Who subjective case
• Whom objective case
• To (who, whom) does the keychain belong?
• To is a preposition the noun or pronoun that
  ends a prepositional phrase is called the object
  of the preposition. Hence, you must use the
  objective case. The objective case is whom.
• Answer To whom does the keychain belong?

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Who or Whom? Helpful Hint

• To (who, whom) does the keychain belong?
• Restate the question as a statement
• The keychain belongs to him.
• Him is an objective pronoun, therefore, use whom
  (objective pronoun).

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Who or whom?

• (Who or Whom) is your best friend?
• Answer Who is your best friend?
• Reason If you restate the question, you would
  respond something like,
• She is my best friend.
• She is a subjective pronoun, therefore, use the
  subject pronoun who.

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Who or Whom?

• You gave (whom, who) my car?

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Answer

• You gave whom my car?

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Whose

• - can be used either as a possessive adjective
  followed by a noun or as a possessive pronoun
• - whose expresses the idea of belonging
• Example
• Whose books are these?
• is the same question as
• To whom do these books belong?

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Whose or Whos (Who is)?

• (Whose or whos) pencils are scattered all over
  the floor?
• Correct Whose pencils
• (shows ownership over the pencils)
• Incorrect Whos pencils
• (translates to Who is pencils)

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Whose or Whos

• This Vine is (whose, whos)?
• WHITEBOARD

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Answer

• This Vine is whose?

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He who Him whom

• Who/Whom borrowed my computer?
• Answer He did.
• Therefore
• Who borrowed my computer?

• From who/whom did you get that candy?
• Answer I got it from him.
• Therefore
• From whom did you get that candy?

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Practicing Together

• Take out your Who, Whom, Whose Sentences handout

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More Practice!

• Use your whiteboard to write the correct pronoun.

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• To (whom, who) did you give detention?

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• Seva went to the concert with Monisha, (who,
  whom) she met on Team Evolution this year.

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• (Whose, whos) classroom is the most challenging?

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• Miss Lederman, (who, whom) loves to run races,
  just ran the Mama Mare 5K this weekend.

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• (Who, whom) is going to sign up for Volleyball
  Madness?

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• (Whom, who) has Samantha invited to her birthday
  party?

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• (Who, Whom) took my laptop from my desk?

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• From (who/whom) did you catch that cold?

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• (Whose, whos) family is going on vacation over
  spring break?

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• Mrs. Czapkowski, (who, whom) I saw at the
  sporting goods store, was buying presents for her
  daughter.

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• Miss Lederman walked the student to the nurse
  (whose, whos) nose was bleeding.

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• (Who, whom) will show me the correct answer to
  this question right now?

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What and Which

• can be used either as interrogative pronouns, or
  as interrogative adjectives followed by nouns.
• Example
• What is that?      Which girl is his sister? 
      What time is it?     

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Pronoun or Adjective?

• Which cell phone company has the best plan?
• Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?

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And the answer is

• Which cell phone company has the best plan?
• Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?
• Which modifies cell phone company.

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Interrogative adjective or pronoun?

• Which is your puppy?
• Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?

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And the answer is

• Which is your puppy?
• Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?

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Indefinite Pronouns
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Indefinite Pronouns

• Indefinite pronoun
• A pronoun that does not refer to a particular
  person, place, or thing.
• Example
• Does anyone know where Mr. Malloy went?
• Everyone thought he was hiding in a locker.
• NOTE
• Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or
  plural.

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Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular Plural
another everybody no one anybody everyone nothing anyone everything one anything much somebody each neither someone either nobody something both few many others several
SINGULAR or PLURAL (depending on the phrase that follows them) SINGULAR or PLURAL (depending on the phrase that follows them)
all any none some most all any none some most
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Singular Indefinite Pronouns Hint
S A N E O N O V M Y E E R Y -BODY S A N E O N O V M Y E E R Y -ONE S A N E O N O V M Y E E R Y -THING
Somebody Anybody Nobody Everybody Someone Anyone No one Everyone Something Anything Nothing Everything
One Neither Each Another Much Either
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Indefinite Pronouns Verbs
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the
subject, the verb must agree with it in
number. EXAMPLE Everyone discusses the new PARCC
exam. (singular) Both talk about how fun it was!
(plural) All of the test was very easy.
(singular) All of the middle school kids were
loving no homework! (plural)
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More Examples

• One of the books was lost.
• Several in the club are good at speaking in
  public.
• Some of the money was missing.
• Some of the windows are dirty.

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Pronoun Antecedent Agreement

• An antecedent is the word to which a pronoun
  refers.
• Betty brought her book to class.
• In this sentence, her is the only pronoun.
• Its antecedent is Betty to which the pronoun
  refers.

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Pronoun Antecedent Agreement(continued)

• When we talk about pronoun-antecedent agreement,
  we mean that pronouns must agree in number and
  gender with their antecedents.
• If Betty is the antecedent, we couldnt say,
• Betty brought his book or Betty brought their
  book.
• The pronouns dont agree with their antecedents.

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Pronoun Antecedent Agreementhis or her vs.
their
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite
pronouns as their antecedents. In such cases,
the pronouns must agree in number. Each of the
teachers has his or her unique teaching
style. Several have funny conversations with
their students.
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Pronoun Antecedent Agreement(his or her)

• Somebody
• Anybody
• Nobody
• Everybody
• Someone
• Anyone
• No one
• Everyone
• Something
• Anything
• Nothing
• Everything
• One
• Neither
• Each
• Another
• Much
• Either

These indefinite pronouns are singular and
therefore take a singular antecedent. Its easy
to remember them because most of them end in
either one or body, and we know that one and body
are singular. Everybody has his or her book.
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Pronoun Antecedent Agreement(their, our, etc.)

• These indefinite pronouns are plural and
  therefore take plural antecedents
• Several
• Few
• Both
• Many
• Several students lost their books.
• Many of us have taken our tests.

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Pronoun Antecedent Agreement(their, our, etc.
continued)

• These indefinite pronouns may be either singular
  or plural, depending on how they are used in a
  sentence
• All
• Most
• Any
• None
• Most of the apples are rotten. (plural)
• Most of the milk is gone. (singular)
• COMPOUND ANTECEDENT
• Either the girls or Jose brought his car.
• Either Jose or the girls brought their car.

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Activity 5
Find the indefinite pronouns in the following
sentences. All of the students in this class are
hard-working. Each one of them makes me very
proud. Some of them are talkative, but most of
them are very well-behaved which is something for
which all teachers are grateful.
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WHITEBOARD RESPONSES
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Each knows about the plot. a. Each b.
about c. the d. plot
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Many of the students do their homework. a.
Many b. or c. do d. their
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__________ of the boys offered their help to the
little old lady who was crossing the street.
a. Another b. Each c. All d. One
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My sister is the _______ wearing the red
shirt. a. one b. few c. most d. several
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Remember Pronoun Agreement
Each of the students has his or her ideas about
homework.
Singular indefinite pronoun
Singular possessive pronouns
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No one brought ______ book. a. his or
her b. their
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Each has __ point of view. a. his or
her b. their
114
All of the students give _______ opinions,
too. a. his or her b. their
115
Which verb agrees with the indefinite pronoun
many? a. walks b. are c. is d. dances
116
Which of the following indefinite pronouns can be
either singular or plural? a. few b. none c.
nothing d. many
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Why are indefinite pronouns called
indefinite? a. They do not have one
definition. b. They refer to nouns that are not
defined not specific. c. They are impossible to
see because they are invisible.