Pronouns Notes

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Pronouns Notes
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Pronouns

• A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one
  or more nouns.
• Pro- means for (standing FOR a noun)

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Personal Pronouns

• Pronouns that are used to refer to people or
  things are called personal pronouns.
• Examples he, she, it

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Subject Pronouns

• A subject pronoun is used as the
• subject of a sentence. The subject is WHO or
  WHAT the sentence is about.
• She is my sister.
• It is my hat.
• Does he have a dog.
• You and I go to the movie.

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Object Pronouns

• An object pronoun is a personal pronoun in the
  objective case. It is used as the direct or
  inderect object of a verb. Object pronouns will
  never be the subject of the sentence.
• Give the pencil to me.
• The teacher gave her a referral.
• I will tell you a secret.
• Hannah read it to them.

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List of Personal Pronouns

• Singular Plural
• I we
• you you
• he, she, it they

Subject Pronouns
me us you you him, her, it them

Object Pronouns
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Your turn

• Listen to this song and then lets try it
  together! http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSWnc1HSCv
  RY
• Activity. Identify the pronouns in the following
  sentence.
• Jamie and Clara loved the guinea pig their mother
  bought them. It was white, and it was adorable.

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Using Pronouns Correctly

• How do you know when to use me or I, we or us?
• 1. Use a subject pronoun as a subject.
• 2. Use an object pronoun as object of the verb.
• Examples (Circle the correct pronoun listed)
• SUBJECT-
• She owns a collection of books.
• INDIRECT OBJECT-
• He told her an amusing story.
• DIRECT OBJECT-
• The fable entertained us.

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Using Pronouns Correctly

• When in a pair (Susan and I)
• Always take the pronoun OUT of the pair
• to see which pronoun is the correct one to
  use.
• EXAMPLES
• Richard and (I or me) recited the story.
• Jennifer helped Richard and (I or me).
• Read sentence without the words that the pronoun
  is paired with to see what works.

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Using Pronouns Correctly

• When using a pronoun in a pair
• ALWAYS put the pronoun second
• Seth and I read some comic books.
• (Not I and Seth)
• Science interests Mike and me.
• (Not me and Mike).

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Using Pronouns Correctly

• In formal writing and speech
• use a subject pronoun after a linking verb.
• RIGHT ? The winner is she.
• NOT ? She is the winner.

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ACTIVITY 2

• Replace one of the nouns in the following
  sentences with a pronoun.
• Tanner and Tanners friend Todd won the boat
  race.
• Why did Oscar give Oscars camera to the school?
• Darius scored a goal the first of Darius season.

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PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS

• Antecedent-
• The noun or group of words to which a pronoun
  refers
• Example
• Tyler read The Hungry Caterpillar. He
  found it exciting.
• ANTECEDENT of he ? ___________________
• ANTECEDENT of it ? __________________

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PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS

• RULE FOR PRONOUNS and ANTECEDENTS
• Pronoun must agree with antecedent in number
  (singular or plural) and gender.
• The gender of a noun may be masculine (male),
  feminine (female), or neuter (referring to
  things).

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ACTIVITY 3

• Complete p. 379 Exercise 5.

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Possessive Pronouns

• Possessive Pronoun
• A pronoun that shows who or what has something.
• NOTE A possessive pronoun may take the place
  of a possessive noun.

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Possessive Pronouns

• Examples
• Matts shoe is too small.
• Replace the noun with a possessive pronoun.
• _______ shoe is too small.
• Mikes homework is perfect.
• Possessive Noun- __________
• Replace with pronoun- _________
• ________ homework is perfect.

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Possessive Pronouns

• Possessive pronouns have two forms.
• - One form is used before a noun.
• - The other form is used alone.

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Possessive Pronouns

• ALWAYS REMEMBER
• POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS do NOT contain an apostrophe.
• Possessive its never splits.
• Its -? is a contraction standing for
  it is
• Its ? no apostrophe is POSSESSIVE
• Example
• I love my book. (Its) characters are funny.
• Its is a possessive pronoun standing
  for what noun?

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Activity 4

• Complete p. 703 Exercise 4 to review possessive
  pronouns.

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Indefinite Pronouns

• Indefinite pronoun
• A pronoun that does not refer to a particular
  person, place, or thing.
• Example
• Does anyone know where Mr. Malloy went?
• Everyone thought he was hiding in a locker.
• NOTE
• Most indefinite pronouns are either ALWAYS
  singular or plural.

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Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular Plural
another everybody no one anybody everyone nothing anyone everything one anything much somebody each neither someone either nobody something both few many others several
SINGULAR or PLURAL All, any, most, none and some
can be singular or plural, depending on the
phrase that follows them.
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Indefinite Pronouns
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the
subject, the verb must agree with it in
number. EXAMPLE Everyone discusses the dance
last Friday. (singular) Both talk about how fun
it was! (plural) All of the dance was very loud.
(singular) All of the middle school kids were
dancing fools. (plural)
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Some Indefinite Pronouns
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite
pronouns as their antecedents. In such cases,
the pronouns must agree in number. Each of the
teachers has his or her unique teaching
style. Several have funny conversations with
their students.
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Activity 5
Find the indefinite pronouns in the following
sentences. All of the students in this class are
adorable. Each one of them makes me very glad.
Some of them are talkative, but most of them are
very well-behaved. Which is something for which
all teachers are grateful.
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Noun Functions

• And Pronouns Too! ?

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Functions of Nouns and Pronouns

• A NOUN is a part of speech. It can
  FUNCTION in 8 different ways. (PRONOUNS stand in
  the place of nouns can function any way a noun
  can.)

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• Subject
• The subject USUALLY does the action
• John ran away from the monster.
• Five days a week my mother dusts.
• Nearing the yellow light, the driver sped up.
• Its not fair! shouted John.
• Note that occasionally, as in d., the subject can
  follow the verb.
• Sometimes the subject receives the action.
  Thats whats called a passive voice sentence.
  There will always be a form of to be
  (is,are,was,were,be) a past participle (jumped,
  laughed, eaten, spoken, sung, frozen, etc.)
• The song was sung a capella.
• The book was written in 1988.
• John was hit in the head.

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• 2. Direct Object
• A direct object follows the verb receives its
  action. It answers the question what or
  whom
• John threw the ball. (Threw what?)
• Tomorrow morning Elisa will meet your sister.
  (Meet whom?)
• We helped him with his homework. (Helped whom?)
• He doesnt understand anything about what he just
  read. (Understand what? Anything is a pronoun.)
• While hiking, Alicia found a silver bracelet.

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• 3. Indirect Object
• The indirect object follows the verb answers
  to/for whom. (It can also be to/for what, but
  its usually to/for whom.) The indirect object
  is frequently a pronoun.
• John gave me the money. (to whom?)
• Elisa sent John a letter. (to whom?)
• Addison bought Alex a car. (for whom?)

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• 4. Predicate Nominative (Predicate Noun)
• A predicate nominative follows the verb renames
  the subject.
• John is a student.
• A Christmas Carol is a good book.
• Elisa became a lawyer.
• Addison will be an excellent surgeon.
• Emory is a private university.

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• Object of a Preposition
• Prepositions are words that link the rest of the
  sentence to their object. English is full of
  them of, near, after, before, from, to, through,
  under, over, across, withto name a few. A
  preposition has to have an object, the object
  is a noun or pronoun.
• He left after class.
• I work with your friend.
• My best friend lives across the street.
• Over the river through the woods to
  Grandmothers house we go.

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• 6. Appositive
• An appositive follows a noun renames it.
• My sister Rita lives in Virginia.
• The book Im reading, The Scarlet Letter, is set
  in the U.S.
• I met my friend Helene last year.

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• Objective Complement
• An objective complement renames the direct
  object. It can be distinguished from an
  appositive (which can rename ANY noun) by
  determining if the words to be can be inserted
  before it.
• We elected Obama (to be) president.
• I consider him (to be) my brother.
• He saw my sister Rita yesterday.
• Rita in the last sentence is an appositive, not
  an objective complement, because you couldnt
  say, He saw my sister to be Rita yesterday.

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• 8. Retained Object
• A retained object follows a passive voice verb
  (to beis/are/was/were/be-- past participle)
• He was fed spinach. (Was fed what?)
• They were given a new kitten. (Were given what?)
• He was elected president. (Was elected what?)

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• 9. Noun of direct address
• You use a noun of direct address when talking to
  someone
• Juan, when are you going to leave?
• Mr. Smith, I havent finished the list.
• Professor Gellar, I need to turn in my paper late.

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• Traditionally, the following two usages arent
  considered functions of a noun because they are
  adjectives. But they are nouns that function as
  adjectives. If you study a foreign language,
  its helpful to know when its a noun were using
  as an adjective in English, because chances are a
  noun cant be used as an adjective in the
  language youre studying.
• I need a paint bucket.
• Give him that water glass.
• We also make nouns possessive so that they can
  function as adjectives
• I met your mothers friend.
• We saw the clowns face.

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• Lets Practice...
• Quiz yourself on these sites.
• 1.http//www.softschools.com/quizzes/grammar/funct
  ions_of_nouns/quiz3150.html
• 2.http//www.grammaruntied.com/nouns/nounquiz1/Iqu
  izn.html
• 3.http//www.quia.com/quiz/814440.html

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With your group

• Complete pg. 416 ex. 4
• Then
• Complete pg. 420 ex. 7 finding only the subject.
• Try it alone
• Complete pg. 421 ex. 8 finding only the subject.